endocrine system

What is the endocrine system?

The endocrine system is composed of glands and works as a communication system

What is endocrine glands?

Endocrine glands produce hormones which are released into the bloodstream and distributed to body cells

What is a hormone?

A hormone act on certain target cells and tissues to produce a specific response

What are the classification of hormones?

Hormones are classified as steroid hormones, and non-steroid or amino acid ,hormones based on their structure and how they do their job

How do steroid hormones produce a response?

All steroid hormones cause target cells to start protein synthesis. steroid hormones diffuse through the plasma membrane of target cells and bind to receptors inside the cell. the hormones and receptors move together into the cell nucleus ,where they bind to DNA, activating certain genes.

How Do amino acids hormones work?

Non steroid hormones are made of amino acids. They cannot diffuse into a cell. instead, they bind with the receptors on the plasma membrane of cells.,Activating an enzyme inside the membrane that produces the desired response.

Negative feedback

An internal feedback process called negative feedback maintains homeostasis in the body when a body system is too different from a set point negative feedback returns the system to the set point. for example, parathyroid hormone maintains the proper amount of calcium in the blood if blood calcium drops below a certain level the parathyroid glands respond by releasing more hormone, the hormone cause calcium to be released from the bones this raises the amount of calcium in the blood if the amount of calcium in the blood rises too high parathyroid glands stop making the hormone, causing the opposite effect.

What happens to the blood calcium level when the parathyroid glands produce more hormones?

Increases

Why is the pituitary gland called the master Gland?

The gland secretes hormones that control many body functions as well as other endocrine glands. The pituitary gland sometimes called the master gland. It is located at the base of the brain primarily during childhood and adolescence human growth hormone HGH (adolescence means the period where your body goes through puberty )it is secreted by the pituitary gland and stimulates cell division in muscle and bone tissue.

Explain how feedback can stabilize a system

Feedback helps stabilize a system by detecting changes and sending signals to reverse them, keeping conditions balanced.

How do parathyroid and thyroid glands work together?

The thyroid gland makes thyroxine and calcitonin. Thyroxine does not act on specific organs instead it causes body cells to have a higher metabolic rate. Calcitonin is partly responsible for controlling blood clotting, nerve function, and muscle contraction .calcitonin also lowers blood calcium levels by signaling bone absorb more calcium and also by signaling the kidneys to excrete more calcium .when blood calcium levels are too low. The parathyroid glands make more parathyroid horome. parathyroid hormone increases the blood calcium levels by stimulating the bones to release calcium. They also cause the kidney to reabsorb more calcium and the intestines to absorb more calcium from food, the hormones of the thyroid and parathyroid work together to maintain homeostasis .

Explain how negative feedback is important in maintaining homeostasis

Negative feedback keeps homeostasis by reversing changes in the body to bring conditions back to normal.

What hormones does the pancreas secrete?

The pancreas, secretes insulin and glucagon which work together to maintain homeostasis when blood glucose levels are high, the pancreas, secretes insulin, insulin signals body cells to convert more glucose to be glycogen, which is stored in liver .when blood glucose levels are low, the pancreas secretes glucagon. Glucagon signals liver cells to convert glycogen into glucose and release the glucose into the blood

What are the materials that are secreted by the pancreas?

Insulin and glucagon

What do adrenal hormones affect?

The adrenal glands are indicated just above the kidneys the adrenal cortex or outer part makes steroid hormones.the hormone aldosterone affects the kidneys and aids sodium reabsorption.cortisol raises blood glucose levels and reduces inflammation

How do adrenal glands respond to stress?

During a stressful situation , the adrenal glands creates a sudden burst of energy. The inner part of the adrenal glands secretes epinephrine also called adrenaline and norepinephrine these hormones work together to increase heart rate, blood pressure, breathing rate and blood sugar levels . All of these responses increase the activity of body cells as part of the fight or flight response

Name the hormone that adjusts the level of sodium in the body

Aldosterone

Generalize how do hormones function as a communication system?

Hormones act as chemical messengers that travel through the blood to target organs, telling them how to respond and maintain balance in the body.

Link to the nervous system

Both the nervous and endocrine system regulate activities of the body and help maintain homeostasis the hypothalamus located in the brain serves as a link between the nervous system and the endocrine system . The hypothalamus produces two hormones, antidiuretic, hormone ADH and oxytocin

Oxytocin

Oxytocin is produced during childbirth

The antidiuretic hormone

The hormone controls water balance .ADH affects collecting tubules in the kidneys. cells in your hypothalamus detect when the level of water in your blood drops too low the hypothalamus responds by releasing ADH the ADH travels in the blood to the kidneys there it binds with the receptors on certain kidney cells. This causes the kidneys to absorb more water and decrease the amount of water leaving the body as urine. If the level of water in your blood rises too high the hypothalamus releases ADH this causes the kidneys to absorb less water and increases the amount of water, leaving the body as urine.

Identify what two hormones are produced by the hypothalamus?

✅ Oxytocin

✅ Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

ADH helps maintain homeostasis by controlling the balance of which important substance in the body?

Water