Octet Expansion

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Last updated 5:53 PM on 11/11/25
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5 Terms

1
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What is octet expansion?

Octet expansion is the ability of elements to use available d-orbitals so that there are more than 8 electrons in the outer shell.

2
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The molecules formed by octet expansion are sometimes called what?

Hypervalent.

3
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Give an example of an element which can form a compound with more than 8 electrons in the outer shell.

Phosphorus- can form PCl5 with 10 electrons in the outer shell of the phosphorus atom.

4
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Phosphorus can show a valency of 3 and 5. This means that both PCl3 and PCl5 can exist. Explain why.

Phosphorous is able to achieve a valency of 5 by promoting an electron from the 3s orbital to the 3d orbital; this allows it to have 5 unpaired electrons available for bonding.

<p>Phosphorous is able to achieve a valency of 5 by promoting an electron from the 3s orbital to the 3d orbital; this allows it to have 5 unpaired electrons available for bonding.</p>
5
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Why can octet expansion not occur with elements in Periods 1 and 2?

Elements in these periods do not have access to d-orbitals.