Respiratory system - 7 WEEK

What part of the respiratory system provides a pathway for air but does not participate in gas exchange?
Hint: Ends at the terminal bronchioles.

The conducting zone

What part of the respiratory system is responsible for gas exchange?
Hint: Begins at the respiratory bronchioles.

The respiratory zone

Which structures make up the upper respiratory tract?
Hint: Nose, throat, and voice box.

Nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx

Which structures make up the lower respiratory tract?
Hint: Starts with the “windpipe.”

Trachea, primary bronchi, lungs

What is another name for the “windpipe”?
Hint: Tra…

Trachea

What structure is also known as the “voice box”?
Hint: La…

Larynx

What prevents food from entering the airway during swallowing?
Hint: Starts with “Epi…”

Epiglottis

Where does the trachea bifurcate into the right and left bronchi?
Hint: Ca… (landmark at rib 2)

At the carina, which is located at the level of the second rib.

Which main bronchus is wider, shorter, and more vertical?
Hint: More prone to inhaled foreign bodies.

Right main bronchus

How many lobar (secondary) bronchi does the right lung have?
Hint: Same as number of lobes in right lung.

3

How many lobar (secondary) bronchi does the left lung have?
Hint: Same as number of lobes in left lung.

2

What type of epithelium lines the trachea and primary bronchi?
Hint: Contains goblet cells + cilia.

Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium

What type of cells secrete mucus in the conducting zone?
Hint: Gob…

Goblet cells

What type of cells replace goblet cells in smaller bronchioles and secrete protective substances?
Hint: Club/Cl… cells.

Clara (Club) cells

What is the coordinated upward movement of mucus by cilia called?
Hint: Mucocil… escal…

Mucociliary escalator

What connective tissue forms the U-shaped rings in the trachea?
Hint: Type II collagen.

Hyaline cartilage

What tissue allows bronchi to constrict and dilate in response to stimuli?
Hint: Found in airways, contracts under nerve supply.

Smooth muscle

What fibers provide passive recoil of the airways during breathing?
Hint: Elastic…

Elastic fibers

What type of alveolar cells cover ~95% of the alveolar surface and are responsible for gas exchange?
Hint: Type I or II?

Type I alveolar cells (simple squamous)

What type of alveolar cells secrete surfactant to reduce surface tension?
Hint: Type I or II?

Type II alveolar cells (simple cuboidal epithelium)

What immune cells are present in alveoli to engulf and digest foreign substances?
Hint: Macro…

Alveolar macrophages

What small channels between alveoli allow air passage and prevent collapse if part of the airway is blocked?
Hint: Collat… ventilation

Collateral ventilation channels

What thin barrier between alveolar epithelium and capillaries allows gas exchange?
Hint: Respiratory…

The respiratory membrane