Studied by 3 people
Creole
Formed by the combination of two or more languages, such as mixing the colonizers language with the indigenous.
Dialect
A regional variety of a language.
Indo-European languages
The language family that includes all European languages (which are widely spoken in Europe, the Americas, Africa, and Australasia) and Indian and Iranian
Isogloss
A boundary line between two distinct linguistic regions.
Language
System of communication used by a group of people, including spoken and written words
Language Family
A collection of languages related to each other through a common ancestor long before recorded history
Language group
A collection of languages within a specific language branch that share a relatively close common origin
Language Subfamily
A smaller grouping of languages within a larger language family
Lingua Franca
A language that combines simple words from multiple languages so that people who need to understand one another, in order to conduct trade and facilitate business, are able to communicate with one another.
Linguistic Diversity
The variety of languages spoken within a particular region or population
Monolingual
Speaking one language
Multilingual
Speaking multiple languages
Official language
A language that is legally designated by a government for official use in all public documents, government business, and court proceedings, usually the primary language of the country
Pidgin
A simplified language that emerges when speakers of different languages come into contact
Toponomy
The study of place names
Trade language
A language that is commonly used for communication between people from different regions or countries.
Distribution of languages
The geographic pattern of where different languages are spoken across a region
Role of isolation on languages
Refers to a community being geographically separated from other speakers of the same language
Role of interaction on languages
Drives the evolution and convergence of languages through processes like borrowing words, adapting dialects, and creating new linguistic features as people from diverse backgrounds interact with each other
Franglais and Spanglish, Chinglish
Examples of blending languages
Extinct languages
A language that no longer has any living native speakers
Linguistic cultural landscape
The visible manifestation of a region’s language patterns within a geographic area
Animism
The belief that non-human objects possess a spirit or spiritual essence.
Buddhism
Religion that states that suffering is inherent in life and the path to achieving enlightenment (Nirvana) by following the Four Noble Truths and the Eightfold Path, aiming to break free from the cycle of rebirth through achieving inner peace by letting go of desires and attachments
Cargo cult pilgrimage
A religious movement, primarily found in Melanesia, where people believe that by performing certain rituals or building structures, they can summon an abundance of Western good.
Christianity
A monotheistic system of beliefs and practices based on the Old Testament and the teachings of Jesus of Nazareth as embodied in the New Testament, emphasizing the role of Jesus as savior.
Confucianism
The system of ethics, education, and statesmanship taught by Confucius and his disciples, stressing love for humanity, ancestor worship, reverence for parents, and harmony in thought and conduct.
Ethnic religion
Religions that relate closely to culture, ethnic heritage, and to the physical geography of a particular place
Fundamentalism
A strict and literal interpretation of religious texts
Geomancy (Feng shui)
The practice of arranging the physical world to align with religious meaning
Hadj
The annual Islamic pilgrimage to Mecca, Saudi Arabia
Hinduism
A major ethnic religion primarily concentrated in the Indian subcontinent, characterized by a belief system encompassing multiple deities, reincarnation, and a strong connection to the caste system
Interfaith boundaries
The geographical line that separates areas dominated by different major world religions, like Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, or Buddhism
Islam
A universalizing religion centered on the teachings of Prophet Muhammad
Jainism
Indian religion teaching a path to spiritual purity and enlightenment through disciplined nonviolence (ahimsa, literally “non-injury”) to all living creatures.
Judaism
An ethnic monotheistic religion (Believes in god) that originated in the Mediterranean. Holy book is the Torah
Monotheism
The belief that there is one single God.
Polytheism
The belief that there are multiple Gods.
Mormonism
A universalizing religion centered in Utah.
Muslim Pilgramidge
The annual pilgrimage for any that is able to to travel to Mecca.
Muslim Population
The population of those that follow Islam: 1.3 Billion people
Proselytic
A religion that attempts to be universal and available to everyone
Reincarnation
The idea that after you die, you will come back to life as a person, plant, or animal.
Religion
Practices and beliefs to help order life
Religious Architecture
Styles of architecture created by certain cultures
Landscapes of the dead
The areas where people have been ceremonialily buried
Religious Conflict
Tension between religions
Religious Cultural Hearth
The originating place for a certain religion
Religious Toponym
Origination of the names of religions
Sacred Space
A place that is considered holy to certain people
Shamanism
A religion centered around a Shaman, who is believed to have magical capabilities
Secularism
The idea that ethical and moral standards should be formulated and adhered to for life on Earth, not to accommodate the prescriptions of deity
Sharia law
Practices that are obligatory/required for Muslims
Shintoism
A traditional polytheism Japanese religion that worships kami (little spirits)
Sikhism
A monotheistic religion that emphasizes the universal acceptance of all humanity; founded by the Punjab in the 15th century by Guru Nanak.
Sunni/Shia
The two main branches of Islam, with different cultural practices despite following the same god and the same text.
Taoism
A Chinese philosophy based on the writings of Lao-tzu, who advocated for humility and piety.
Theocracy
A type of government controlled by religious leaders or whose leader is considered “Divinely guided”
Universalizing
Belief systems that seek to be global, appealing to all people regardless of culture or location.
Zoroastrism
An ancient monotheistic religion founded by the prophet Zoroaster in ancient Persia, centered around the worship of a single god called Ahura Mazda, and characterized by a strong emphasis on the concept of cosmic duality between good and evil forces.
Origin and distribution of religious cultural groups
How certain religious groups came to be and how they have been dispersed across the map.
Dowry death
Referring to the murders or suicides of brides in India and other South Asian countries, typically related to disputes over the dowry.
Enfranchisement
The act of granting political rights, particularly the right to vote, to a group of people who were previously excluded from participating in the political process
Gender
Referring to the socially constructed roles, behaviors, and attributes that a given society considers appropriate for men and women.
Gender Gap
The noticeable disparity between men and women in terms of access to opportunities, rights, and outcomes across various aspects of life.
Infanticide
The deliberate killing of a young infant
Longevity gap
The difference in average life expectancy between different groups of people, such as different nations, races, or genders
Maternal mortality rate
The number of women who die from pregnancy-related causes per 100,000 live births
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Flashcard (45)