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What was the main purpose of the American Federation of Labor (AFL)?
To organize skilled workers into national unions for collective bargaining.
What significant battle took place in 1876 between the U.S. Army and Native American forces led by George Armstrong Custer?
The Battle of the Little Bighorn.
What term is used to describe the session of Congress that oversaw the largest expenditures and was infamously termed the 'Billion Dollar Congress'?
Billion Dollar Congress.
Who were the African American soldiers known as 'buffalo soldiers'?
Soldiers who served in the U.S. Army during the post-Civil War period.
What legislation, enacted in 1882, prohibited Chinese laborers from entering the United States?
Chinese Exclusion Act.
What is the process called where workers negotiate collectively with their employers?
Collective bargaining.
What major silver discovery in Nevada contributed to a mining boom in the 19th century?
Comstock Lode.
What system allowed for the leasing of convicts for labor on plantations and in industries?
Convict lease system.
What term describes an economic system characterized by private property and free market?
Corporate capitalism.
What is a business owned by shareholders which is recognized as a legal entity?
Corporation.
What was the name of the protest march led by Jacob Coxey during the economic crisis in 1894?
Coxey’s Army.
What Act aimed to assimilate Native Americans by allotting land to individuals?
Dawes Act.
What is the term for a decrease in the general price level of goods and services?
Deflation.
What pseudo-scientific belief proposed that certain races are superior to others?
Eugenics.
What organization aimed to improve the economic conditions of farmers?
Farmers’ Alliance.
What theory, proposed by Frederick Jackson Turner, suggests that the American character was shaped by the westward expansion?
Frontier thesis.
What term refers to a poor residential area inhabited by a minority group, often characterized by overcrowding?
Ghetto.
What spiritual movement among Native Americans aimed to restore their traditional ways of life?
Ghost Dance.
What term describes the late 19th-century period characterized by economic growth and cultural change in America?
Gilded Age.
What concept, proposed by Andrew Carnegie, suggested that wealthy individuals have a moral obligation to give back to society?
The Gospel of Wealth.
What cooperative movement was formed to help farmers and stabilize prices?
Grange.
What region of North America is known for its flat lands and grasslands, primarily in the U.S.?
Great Plains.
What economic measure represents the total value of goods and services produced in a country?
Gross domestic product.
What labor dispute in Chicago in 1886 was connected to demands for an 8-hour workday?
Haymarket riot.
What type of company controls a group of related companies through its board of directors?
Holding company.
What act encouraged Western settlement by granting land to settlers?
Homestead Act.
What violent labor strike took place in Pennsylvania in 1892 against Carnegie Steel?
Homestead strike.
What business strategy involves the acquisition of companies at the same level of production?
Horizontal integration.
What organization, founded in 1905, represented the interests of workers who were often marginalized by the labor movement?
Industrial Workers of the World (IWW).
What business model involves directorships that link companies and ensure control?
Interlocking directorate.
What federal agency was created to regulate railroads and prevent monopolistic practices?
Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC).
What local laws enforced racial segregation in the Southern United States?
Jim Crow laws.
What labor organization, founded in 1869, aimed to unite all workers regardless of skill?
Knights of Labor.
What group represents workers and advocates for their rights and benefits?
Labor union.
What economic policy promotes minimal government intervention in business?
Laissez-faire.
What term describes the rush of settlers to acquire land in the West?
Land rush.
What cattle driving practice involved moving large herds from Texas to railheads in the North?
Long Drive.
What metaphor describes the United States as a society formed by the amalgamation of different cultures?
Melting pot.
What religious community settled in Utah seeking a place for their practices?
Mormon.
What term refers to the advocacy for protecting the interests of native-born Americans against immigrants?
Nativism.
What phrase is associated with the economic transformation of the Southern United States after the Civil War?
New South.
What financial crisis in 1893 led to a severe economic depression?
Panic of 1893.
What legislation aimed to reform the federal civil service system?
Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act.
What private security agency was used to break strikes and suppress labor movements?
Pinkerton Agency.
What Supreme Court decision upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation?
Plessy v. Ferguson.
What term describes a strong political organization that commands loyalty from constituents?
Political machine.
What refers to a corrupt political leader who gains power through manipulation of voters?
Political boss.
What tax was implemented to restrict voting rights, particularly among African Americans?
Poll tax.
What political movement emerged in the late 19th century, advocating for the needs of farmers and workers?
Populists.
What strike took place in 1894 against the Pullman Company and resulted in federal intervention?
Pullman strike.
What term describes wealthy industrialists who amassed fortunes through unethical business practices?
Robber baron.
What Supreme Court case affirmed the right of corporations to assert their rights under the 14th Amendment?
Santa Clara County v. Southern Pacific Railroad Company.
What management theory focuses on improving economic efficiency and labor productivity?
Scientific management.
What term refers to the enforced separation of racial groups?
Segregation.
What institutions were established to offer services to the urban poor and immigrants?
Settlement houses.
What law made illegal business practices that restrained trade or commerce?
Sherman Antitrust Act.
What act was intended to increase the money supply through the purchase of silver?
Sherman Silver Purchase Act.
What theory applied the concept of natural selection to justify social inequality?
Social Darwinism.
What movement sought to address social issues through reform and charity?
Social gospel.
What political party emerged in the early 20th century advocating for socialist reforms?
Socialist Party of America.
What monetary system proposed by farmers aimed to provide stability?
Subtreasury system.
What term describes factories characterized by poor working conditions and low wages?
Sweatshop.
What is the name of the political organization that dominated New York City politics for many years?
Tammany Hall.
What type of housing was common in urban areas, often overcrowded and lacking sanitation?
Tenement.
What major railroad project connected the East and West coasts of the United States?
Transcontinental railroad.
What agreement sought to establish peace between the United States and various Native American tribes?
Treaty of Fort Laramie.
What treaty aimed to resolve conflicts between the U.S. government and Southern Plains tribes?
Treaty of Medicine Lodge.
What term refers to a large alliance of corporations formed to control a market?
Trust.
What Supreme Court ruling determined that manufacturing was not interstate commerce?
United States v. E. C. Knight Company.
What business strategy involves acquiring companies at different stages of production?
Vertical integration.
What case addressed voter suppression and discrimination in the electoral process?
Williams v. Mississippi.
What tragic event in 1890 resulted in the deaths of hundreds of Lakota Sioux?
Wounded Knee massacre.
Who invented the telephone and contributed to communication technology?
Alexander Graham Bell.
Who developed the Bessemer process for steel production?
Henry Bessemer.
Who was the prominent Populist leader and presidential candidate known for his oratory skills?
William Jennings Bryan.
Who was the industrial magnate known for founding Carnegie Steel and promoting philanthropy?
Andrew Carnegie.
Who served two non-consecutive terms as President and faced economic challenges during his time?
Grover Cleveland.
Who led the
a march on Washington to demand jobs and reforms during the economic depression?
Who was the U.S. Army officer that led forces at the Battle of the Little Bighorn?
George Armstrong Custer.
Who was the labor leader known for his role in organizing the American Railway Union?
Eugene V. Debs.
Who was a prominent civil rights activist and co-founder of the NAACP?
W. E. B. Du Bois.
Who is credited with inventing the electric light bulb and making significant advances in electrical engineering?
Thomas Alva Edison.
Who was the Apache leader known for resisting U.S. government policies?
Geronimo.
Who served as the first president of the American Federation of Labor?
Samuel Gompers.
Who was a wealthy financier and leader of the railroad industry during the Gilded Age?
Jay Gould.
Who was a Southern journalist advocating for the 'New South' after Reconstruction?
Henry Grady.
Who was the Nez Perce leader known for his resistance against U.S. forces?
Chief Joseph.
Who was the U.S. President during the Spanish-American War and associated with imperialism?
William McKinley.
Who was a leading financier and co-founder of General Electric?
J. P. Morgan.
Who was the leader of the Knights of Labor and advocated for workers' rights?
Terence V. Powderly.
Who was the inventor of the Pullman sleeper car?
George Pullman.
Who was an influential muckraking journalist and social reformer?
Jacob Riis.
Who founded Standard Oil and was a leading industrialist known for monopolistic practices?
John D. Rockefeller.
Who was a Union general known for his tactics in the Civil War?
William Tecumseh Sherman.
Who was the Lakota chief known for his leadership during the ghost dance movement?
Sitting Bull.
Who is known as the father of scientific management for his work on efficiency and productivity?
Frederick W. Taylor.
Who proposed the significant idea of the 'frontier thesis' regarding American identity?
Frederick Jackson Turner.
Who was a political leader notorious for corruption in New York City politics?
Boss Tweed.
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