AS physics - Physical quantities and units & kinematics (chapters 1 & 2)

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28 Terms

1
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What is the difference between scalar and vector quantities?

Vectors have magnitude and direction, whereas scalars have only magnitude.

2
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Give some examples of scalar quantities (5 needed)

  • distance

  • speed

  • mass

  • time

  • energy

  • volume

  • density

  • pressure

  • electric charge

  • temperature

3
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Give some examples of vector quantities (5 needed)

  • displacement

  • velocity

  • acceleration

  • force

  • momentum

4
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What represents the direction and magnitude of a vector when shown as an arrow?

  • arrowhead indicates direction

  • length indicates magnitude

5
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What are coplanar forces?

Forces which act in the same plane

6
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What is the definition of distance?

A measure of how far an object travels

7
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What is the definition of displacement?

A measure of how far something is from its starting position, along with its direction

8
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What is the definition of speed?

The distance an object travels every second (/per unit time)

9
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What is the formula for speed?

average speed = total distance/time taken

10
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What is the definition of velocity?

The rate of change of displacement

11
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What is the formula of velocity?

Δx=total displacement (m)

Δt=total time taken (s)

(can also be written as) Vavg=(u+v)/2

<p><span>Δ<sub>x</sub>=total displacement (m)</span></p><p><span>Δ<sub>t</sub>=total time taken (s)</span></p><p><span>(can also be written as) V<sub>avg</sub>=(u+v)/2</span></p>
12
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Define acceleration

The rate of change of velocity

13
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acceleration formula

a=average acceleration (ms-2)

Δv=change in velocity (ms-1)

Δt=total time taken (s)

<p>a=average acceleration (ms<sup>-2</sup>)</p><p><span>Δv=change in velocity (ms<sup>-1</sup>)</span></p><p><span>Δt=total time taken (s)</span></p>
14
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change in velocity formula

final velocity-initial velocity

15
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What are the 5 types of graph which can represent motion?

  1. distance - time

  2. displacement - time

  3. speed - time

  4. velocity - time

  5. acceleration - time

16
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What do these components of a distance time graph mean/represent?

  1. slope

  2. y - intercept

  3. straight (diagonal) line

  4. curved line

  5. positive slope

  6. negative slope

  7. zero slope

  8. area under the curve

  1. slope = speed

  2. y - intercept = initial position

  3. straight line = constant speed

  4. curved line = acceleration

  5. positive slope = motion in the positive direction

  6. negative slope = motion in the negative direction

  7. zero slope = state of rest

  8. area under the curve = meaningless

17
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What do these components of a displacement time graph mean/represent?

  1. slope

  2. y - intercept

  3. straight (diagonal) line

  4. curved line

  5. positive slope

  6. negative slope

  7. zero slope

  8. area under the curve

  1. slope = velocity

  2. y - intercept = initial position

  3. straight (diagonal) line = constant velocity

  4. curved line = acceleration

  5. positive slope = motion in the positive direction

  6. negative slope = motion in the negative direction

  7. zero slope = state of rest

  8. area under the curve = meaningless

18
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What do these components of a speed - time graph mean/represent?

  1. slope

  2. y - intercept

  3. straight line

  4. curved line

  5. positive slope

  6. negative slope

  7. zero slope

  8. area under the curve

  1. slope = acceleration

  2. y - intercept = initial speed

  3. straight line = uniform acceleration

  4. curved line = non-uniform acceleration

  5. positive slope = increase in speed in the positive direction

  6. negative slope = increase in speed in the negative direction

  7. zero slope = motion with constant speed

  8. area under the curve = distance travelled

19
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What do these components of a velocity - time graph mean/represent?

  1. slope

  2. y - intercept

  3. straight line

  4. curved line

  5. positive slope

  6. negative slope

  7. zero slope

  8. area under the curve

  1. slope = acceleration

  2. y - intercept = initial velocity

  3. straight line = uniform acceleration

  4. curved line = non-uniform acceleration

  5. positive slope = increase in velocity in the positive direction

  6. negative slope = increase in velocity in the negative direction

  7. zero slope = motion with a constant velocity

  8. area under the curve = displacement

20
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What do these components of an acceleration - time graph mean/represent?

  1. slope

  2. y - intercept

  3. straight line

  4. curved line

  5. positive slope

  6. negative slope

  7. zero slope

  8. area under the curve

  1. slope = meaningless

  2. y - intercept = initial acceleration

  3. zero slope = object undergoing constant acceleration

  4. area under the curve = change in velocity

21
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What do s, u, v, a, t stand for?

s = displacement

u = initial velocity

v = final velocity

a = acceleration

t = time interval

22
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SUVAT equation v, u, a, t

v = u + at

23
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SUVAT equation s, u, v, t

s = ½(u+v)t

24
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SUVAT equation s, u, t, a

s = ut + ½a(t2)

25
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SUVAT equation v, u, a, s

v2 = u2 + 2as

26
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acceleration of free fall

9.81 ms-2

27
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The trajectory of an object undergoing projectile motion consists of which two components?

A vertical component and a horizontal component

28
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