AP HUG Unit 6

Vocabulary flashcards covering key terms related to cities, urbanization, and urban planning.

Globalization

The expansion of economic, political, and cultural processes to a global scale and impact.

Larger City

The more they are connected globally by network and linkages, and the more power they have in global power structures.

Central Place

A market center for the exchange of goods and services.

Market area

Area surrounding market center.

Gravity Model

Places that are larger and closer together will have greater interaction than places that are smaller and farther away.

Rank Size Rule

A country's second largest city will be ½ the size of the largest city.

Survey data

Individual survey answers used for analysis.

Field studies

Study of geographic areas by visiting places.

Narratives

Individual personal experience shared by talking to people.

Food deserts

Areas with limited access to affordable and nutritious food.

Environmental injustice

Unequal environmental protection or environmental burdens experienced by minority or low-income communities.

Housing Discrimination

Discrimination in the sale or rental of housing, or denial of a mortgage, based on race, color, religion, sex, familial status, disability, or national origin.

Growth of disamenity zones

Deserted or underutilized areas within a city.

Redlining

Refusal to grant loans or insurance to residents of specific geographic areas, often based on race or ethnicity.

Blockbusting

Persuading owners to sell property because members of a minority group are moving into the neighborhood.

Gentrification

When middle-class residents move into a lower-income neighborhood, renovating properties and increasing property values, often displacing existing residents.

Suburban Sprawl

Expansion of human growth away from central urban areas into low-density, car-dependent communities.

Brownfields

An old industrial site where future use is affected by environmental contamination.

Grayfields

Properties that are not contaminated but are abandoned or underutilized, such as parking lots or old buildings.

Urban Growth Boundaries

Policies and boundaries to manage urban growth and preserve farmland.

Bochert's Epochs of Urban Growth

Describes how urban growth changes based on transportation technology.

Megacity

An urban area or metropolitan area with a population exceeding 10 million people.

Suburbanization

The movement of the population away from urban centers to surrounding areas called suburbs.

Urban Sprawl

Rapid expansion of a city or urban area with low-density housing.

Urban Decentralization

When population and businesses move to suburbs, away from the urban center.

Edge City

A suburban area or city located right outside the main city.

Exurb

A large town or city connected to the main city but located farther away, with gaps on the map.

World City

A major urban city with significant ties to the world economy and trade.

Primate City

When the largest city within a country has more control over economics and politics.

Gravity Model

Concept that closer places have more interaction.

Mixed Land Use

Residential, commercial, and industrial land uses combined in one area.

Infrastructure

The basic physical or organizational structure needed for the operation of a society (transportation, utilities, etc.).

New Urbanism

Mixed commercial/residential areas that are walkable.

Green Belts

An area of open land around a city on which building is restricted.

Slow Growth Cities

Cities that grow slowly to allow for planning and sustainability efforts.