Organizational Behavior – Motivation

what are the 3 key components of motivation

direction, intensity, and persistence

define direction in motivation

what an individual chooses to do the focus of effort

define intensity in motivation

how hard an individual works toward a goal

define persistence in motivaation

how long an individual continues to exert effort toward a goal

what is expectancy theory

a theory stating that motivation is influenced by the belief that effort leads to performance which leads to desired 

what are he 3 main components of expectancy theory

expectancy, instrumentality, and valance

what is expectancy

the belief that effort will result in performance

what factors might hinder someone belief that effort will lead to performance 

lack of resources, poor training, low self confidence or unclear role expectation

what is instrumentality

the belief that performance will lead to specific outcomes or rewards

what factors might hinder ones belief that performance will lead to outcomes

unfair reward system, broken promises or lack transparency

what is valence

the value an individual places on the expected outcome or reward 

what is equity theory

a theory suggesting people are motivated by fairness they compare their input output ratio to others 

what happens when people perceive inequity

they may change their efforts adjust perception or leave the situation to restore balance 

what is goal setting theory 

suggesting specific and challenging goal along with feedback lead to higher performance 

what are the components of goal setting theory 

SMART goals, feedback, task complexity and goal commitment 

what dose SMART stand for in goal setting

specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, time bound 

why is feedback important in goal setting

it helps individual track progress and adjust effort accordingly 

how dose task complexity affect goal setting 

if a task is too complex performance can suffer unless sufficient time and resources are provided 

what is goal commitment

the degree to with a person is determined to reach a goal stronger commitment leads to better performance 

how dose goal difficulty relate to performance

a moderate to difficult goals tend to result in the highest levels of performance when commitment Is high

psychological empowerment

a set of motivational states rejecting an individuals sense of control and impact at work 

what are the 4 components of psychological empowerment 

meaningfulness, self determination, competence, impact 

what is self efficacy

an individual’s belief in their capability to perform a specific task successfully

how dose self efficacy affect motivation

higher efficacy leads to greater effort, persistence and performance

why is motivation important in organizations

its drive performance, enhances engagement and influences satisfaction and retention