Nervous System (Brain)

The thalamus serves as an

information filter

Removal of the left cerebral hemisphere would prevent

voluntary movement of the right side of the body.

Where will the memory of a favorite painting likely be stored?

visual association area

Damage to the pineal gland would likely have the most impact on

the sleep-wake cycle

Most of total sleep time is spent in _________ sleep.

non-REM

CSF leaves the subarachnoid space via the _________ and enters the bloodstream.

arachnoid villi

After reaching into their purse, an individual identifies an object based solely on its shape and texture. Which cortical region is highly involved with this action?

Somatosensory association area

Which of the following is not a role of astrocytes in the formation and function of the blood-brain barrier?

Allows all medication to enter the brain tissue

What are functions of astrocytes in blood-brain barrier?

• Produces carrier proteins and ion channels

• Forms tight junctions between capillary endothelial cells

• Produces enzymes to destroy toxic substances

The cerebral association areas are responsible for

cognition

The area of the cerebrum that integrates information from the sensory, motor, and association areas to enable an individual to plan and execute appropriate responses is the

prefrontal cortex

Difficulty comprehending speech may indicate a problem with the

Wenicke area

What type of neuroglial cell serves as the gatekeeper of the blood-brain barrier by controlling what will get in and what will not get into neurons?

astrocytes

Microglial cells are the immune cells of the CNS; they act as ____, removing debris, pathogens, and damaged neurons.

phagocytes

Which language area provides understanding of the spoken and written word?

Wenicke’s area

A person who can understand a sentence but would have trouble repeating it may have a problem in

Broca’s area

As you are reading these words on the screen, what part of your brain is allowing you to perform the complex, conscious intellectual task of reading and comprehension?

Cerebrum

CSF helps control the ____ surrounding the brain.

chemical environment

part of the____ is responsible for the formation of new memories.

limbic system

Adult brains have four regions:

• Cerebral hemispheres (left +right)

• Diencephalon

• Brain stem

• Cerebelllum

What does the brain stem consist of?

• midbrain

• pons

• medulla

Gray matter

short, nonmyelinated neurons and cell bodies

White matter

axons, mostly myelinated

Basic CNS pattern

central cavity surrounded by gray matter and then by white matter

brain stem has additional gray matter nuclei _____ white matter

scattered within

________ have scattered areas of gray matter nuclei; also contain an _____ of gray matter called the cortex

cerebrum and cerebellum; outer layer

brain is encased in

bony skull or cranium

spinal cord runs through

vertebral column

meninges lie between bone and tissue to stabilize ….

neural tissue and protect from bruising

1st layer of meninge

dura matter

2nd layer of meninge

subdural space

3rd layer of meninge

arachnoid membrane

4th layer of meninge

subarachnoid space (contains cerebrospinal fluid secreted by chorioid plexus)

5th layer of meninge

pia matter

subarachnoid space lies between

pia matter and arachnoid matter

dura matter lies between

bone of skull and arachnoid matter

the entire CNS is bathed in clear, colorless fluid called

cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is contained within a system of ependymal cell-lined fluid filled cavities called

ventricles

What is CSF made by?

chorioid plexuses (3rd+4th ventricles)

CSF is made and drained into the blood ____

constantly, with a total volume of 150mL which is replaced every 8 hours

Chemical protection function of CSF

contributes to brain homeostasis; mechanical protections cushion shock absorber and allows brain to float

Circulation function of CSF

optimal ionic composition for neural signaling