EOC Review Cram Packet Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards based on the EOC review cram packet.

Abolitionist Movement

Sought to end slavery.

Harriet Tubman

Leader of the Underground Railroad.

Underground Railroad

Helped slaves escape to the North by staying at houses.

Uncle Tom's Cabin

Exposed the horrors of slavery; written by Harriet Beecher Stowe.

Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857)

Supreme Court case where a slave sued for freedom; the outcome was that blacks were considered property.

Sectionalism

Division based on economy and slavery (North, South, West).

John Brown's Raid on Harpers Ferry

John Brown's attempt to raid a federal arsenal.

Election of 1860

The year Abraham Lincoln was elected President, causing South Carolina to secede.

Jefferson Davis

President of the Confederate States of America.

Ulysses S. Grant

General of the Union Army.

Robert E. Lee

General of the Confederate Army.

Emancipation Proclamation

Freed slaves in rebellious states only.

Gettysburg Address

Speech dedicating a battlefield.

Sherman's March to Sea

Union General's use of total war during the Civil War.

Appomattox Court House

Site where Lee surrendered to Grant, ending the Civil War.

Reconstruction

The period after the Civil War focused on rebuilding the South economically and politically.

13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments

Amendments that freed slaves, granted citizenship, and gave voting rights.

Radical Republicans

Radical Republicans who wanted to punish the former Confederacy.

Black Codes

Laws that restricted African Americans' lives.

Freedman's Bureau

Organization that educated African Americans.

Carpetbaggers

Northerners who went South to profit from Reconstruction.

Poll Tax

A tax required to vote.

Literacy Test

A reading test required to vote.

Grandfather Clause

If your grandfather could vote, you could vote.

Ku Klux Klan (KKK)

Organization that targeted minorities to prevent voting.

Sharecropper

System where blacks rent land and give a portion of their crop to the landowner.

Jim Crow Laws

Laws that segregated blacks and whites.

Plessy v. Ferguson

Established "separate but equal," later overturned by Brown v. Board of Education.

Compromise of 1877

Hayes became President, ending Reconstruction.

Populist Party

People's Party, a political party advocating for farmer rights.

Omaha Platform

Convention outlining populist ideas, against robber baron railroads.

The Grange (Movement)

Farmers' social and educational meeting.

Oliver Hudson Kelley

Founder of The Grange.

Farmer's Alliances

Groups that sympathized with farmers.

Mary Elizabeth Lease

Kansas populist leader.

Interstate Commerce Act (1887)

Prohibited unfair railroad practices.

Cross of Gold Speech

Speech by William Jennings Bryan supporting bimetallism.

Silverites

William Jennings Bryan's supporters; farmers wanting bimetallism.

Bimetallism

Using both silver and gold in currency, leading to more money in circulation.

Gold Bugs

Bankers and businessmen favoring the gold standard.

Gilded Age (1870-1900)

Era of serious economic and social problems with big business.

Mark Twain

Coined the term "Gilded Age."

Boss Tweed

Corrupt NYC politician.

Kickback

Overpayment split between city boss and contractor.

Graft

Illegal use of political influence for personal gain.

Tammany Hall

NYC Democratic Party committee building.

Thomas Nast

Cartoonist who attacked Tammany Hall and Boss Tweed.

Robber Baron

Business boss who mistreated workers.

Captain of Industry

Business leader who served the USA and workers positively.

Monopoly

Company that owns all, with no competition.

Laissez-Faire

Government hands off business.

Social Darwinism

Natural selection applied to human society.

Carnegie

Industrialist known for steel production.

Gospel of Wealth

Carnegie's essay on the responsibility to donate money.

Rockefeller

Industrialist known for oil production.

Vanderbilt

Industrialist known for railroads.

J.P. Morgan

Industrialist known for banking.

Ford

Industrialist known for the Model T automobile.

Model T

Affordable automobile.

Assembly Line

Assembling a sequence of identical items.

Sherman Anti-Trust Act (1890)

Made it illegal to have trusts/monopolies.

American Federation of Labor

Union led by Samuel Gompers, focused on bread and butter issues.

Knights of Labor

Union led by Terrance Powderly.

Homestead Strike

Strike at Carnegie Steel involving a gunfight with Pinkertons.

Pullman Strike

Strike at a railway manufacturing company.

Old Immigrants

Immigrants from Northern and Western Europe before the 1880s.

New Immigrants

Immigrants from Southern and Eastern Europe after the 1880s.

Irish Potato Famine (1845-1852)

Event that caused Irish immigration to the USA.

Melting Pot

Mix of different cultures and races.

Tossed Salad

Immigrants keeping their culture.

Push Factor

Negative reason for moving.

Pull Factor

Positive reason for moving.

Nativists

Favors native-born people.

Know-Nothing Party

Anti-immigrant political party that targeted Catholic Irish in the 1840s.

Tenements

Crowded multi-family apartments.

Jacob Riis

Muckraker who exposed tenement conditions.

How the Other Half Lives

Book that exposed conditions in tenements.

Chinese Exclusion Act

Banned Chinese immigration in 1882.

Gentleman's Agreement

Agreement where Japan limited emigration to the USA (1907-1908).

Angel Island (1910-1940)

Location where Chinese immigrants entered the USA on the West Coast.

Ellis Island (1892-1924)

Location where European immigrants arrived in the early 1900s.

Lowell Textile Mills

Factories in Lowell, MA employing Irish females in the 1830s-1840s.

Eugenics Movement

Movement to grade races/ethnic groups based on genes.

Immigration Act of 1924

Limited the number of immigrants in 1924.

Progressive Era (1901-1920)

Era that fixed problems from the Gilded Age.

Muckrakers

Journalists exposed the muck of society.

Upton Sinclair

Author of The Jungle.

The Jungle

Book that exposed Chicago's meat packing industry.

Meat Inspection Act

Ensured meat was slaughtered under sanitary conditions.

Pure Food and Drug Act

Required labels on ingredients.

Ida Tarbell

Exposed Rockefeller's unfair business practices.

Standard Oil vs. US

Resulted in the breakup of Rockefeller's monopoly.

Shame of the Cities by Lincoln Steffens

Book that went after Boss Tweed.

The Octopus by Frank Norris

Muckraker who exposed railroads.

Hull House

Provided services for immigrants, like babysitting.

Settlement Houses

Extension of Hull House throughout the USA, educating city immigrants.

Jane Addams

Founder of Hull House; reformer.

Prohibition

18th Amendment; prohibition of the sale or transport of alcohol.

Roosevelt's Square Deal

Roosevelt's policy focused on corporations, consumers, and conservation.

Coal Miner's Strike (1902)

Strike where TR sided with coal miners for better conditions.