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Abbot Suger
A 12th-century French abbot and historian who is considered the driving force behind the development of Gothic architecture.
Basilica
A type of church building, typically with a rectangular plan, divided into a central nave and side aisles.
Nave
The central, usually longest part of a church, extending from the main entrance to the chancel.
Aisle
A passage on either side of the nave, separated by columns or arches.
Transept
The transverse part of a cruciform church, crossing the nave at right angles.
Pointed Arch
A distinctive feature of Gothic architecture, an arch with a pointed apex instead of a rounded one.
Clerestory
The upper level of a church nave, containing windows for extra light.
Rib Vaults
Arched structural elements used to support the roof of a Gothic building, creating a skeletal stone framework.
Flying Buttresses
External arched supports that transfer the weight of the roof to the ground, allowing for taller, thinner walls and larger windows
Portal
An elaborate entranceway, often richly decorated with sculptures and carvings
Stained Glass
Colored glass used to create decorative windows, often depicting biblical scenes or saints.
Manuscript illumination
The decoration of handwritten books with painted illustrations, ornate initials, and intricate borders.
Vellum
A fine parchment made from calf skin, used for high-quality manuscripts.
Parchment
A writing material made from animal skin, typically sheep or goat, used for manuscripts before the widespread use of paper.
City-State
An independent urban center with its surrounding territory, governed as a sovereign state. Examples include Florence and Venice in Italy.
Fresco
A painting technique where pigments are applied to wet plaster, allowing the colors to become part of the wall as it dries.
Tempera
A painting medium using pigments mixed with a water-soluble binder, typically egg yolk. It was widely used before oil painting became popular.
Intuitive perspective
An early form of depicting depth in paintings, using size relationships and overlapping figures rather than mathematical precision.
Hall Church
A church design where the nave and aisles are of equal height, creating a unified interior space without a clerestory.
Oil Painting
A technique using pigments mixed with drying oils, allowing for rich colors and subtle blending.
Triptych
A three-paneled artwork, often an altarpiece, with a central panel and two side panels that can be folded.
Polyptych
An artwork consisting of multiple panels, typically more than three, often used for altarpieces.
Linear (mathematical)
uses mathematical principles to create depth, while intuitive perspective relies on visual approximation.
intuitive perspective
relies on visual approximation.
Iconography
The study of the content and symbolism in visual arts, particularly the meaning behind specific images or symbols.
Relief Prints
(e.g., woodcuts) involve cutting away non-printing areas
Intaglio
(e.g., engravings) involves incising lines into a surface.
Engraving
An intaglio printmaking technique where lines are cut into a metal plate, then inked and pressed onto paper.
Renaissance
A cultural movement originating in Italy, characterized by renewed interest in classical learning and values.
Humanism
An intellectual movement emphasizing human potential and achievements, often through the study of classical texts.
Patronage
Financial support of artists by wealthy individuals or institutions, influential in shaping Renaissance art.
Medici
A powerful Florentine family who were major patrons of Renaissance art and culture.
Linear Perspective
A mathematical system for creating the illusion of three-dimensional space on a two-dimensional surface.
Trompe l’oeil
A mathematical system for creating the illusion of three-dimensional space on a two-dimensional surface.
Contrapposto
A sculptural pose where the figure's weight rests on one leg, creating a dynamic, S-curved posture.
Chartres Cathedral
Bishop Fulbert
11-12th century Gothic
Chartres, France
Reims Cathedral
Jean d'Orbais
12th century Gothic
Reims, France
Sainte-Chapelle
Unknown but Pierre de Montreuil
12th Century Gothic
Paris France
Church of St.Elizabeth,
Konrad von Marburg
12th century gothic
Marburg, Germany
The Flight into Egypt
Jacopo Bassano
12 century gothic
stained glass
Good Samaritan Window
Marc Chagall
12-13 Century gothic
stained glass
Queen Blanche and King Louis IX
Unknown
13 century gothic
ink, tempera, gold leaf on vellum
Moralizations from the Apocalypse
unknown
13th-century gothic
ink tempera gold leaf on vellum
Royal Portal, Chartres Cathedral
Unknown
12th Century Gothic
Chartres, France
Material unknown/stone?
Central Portal, Reims Cathedral
3 unknown artists
13th Century Gothic
Reims, France
Material unknown/stone?
Ekkehard and Uta, Naumburg Cathedral
unknown artist
13th Century Gothic
Stone with polychromy
Pulpit at Pisa
Nicola Pisano
13th Century Gothic
Marble
Virgin and Child Enthroned
Cimabue
14th Century Art in Europe (but actually made in 1280 - 13th Century)
Tempera and gold on wood panel
Virgin and Child Enthroned
Giotto Di Bondone
14th Century Europe
Tempera and gold on wood panel
Scrovegni Chapel frescoes
Giotto di Bondone
14th Century Europe
Frescos
Raising of Lazarus (from Maesta altarpiece)
Duccio di Buoninsegna
14th Century Europe
Tempera and gold on wood
Effects of Good Government in the City and in the Country
Ambrogio Lorenzetti
14th Century Europe
Fresco
Virgin and Child from St. Denis
unknown
14th Century Europe
Silver gilt and enamel
Vesperbild (Pietà)
unknown
14th Century Europe
Wood and polychromy
Church of the Holy Cross
Heinrich and Peter Parler
14th Century Europe
Germany
Très Riches Heures
Paul, Herman, and Jean Limbourg (Limbourg brothers)
15th Century Art in Northern Europe
Colors and ink on parchment
Well of Moses (detail of Moses and David)
Claus Sluter
15th Century Northern Europe
Limestone with traces of paint
Ghent Altarpiece (closed - Annunciation with Donors. open - Adoration of the Mystic Lamb)
Jan and Hubert(?) van Eyck
15th Century Northern Europe
Oil on panel
Mérode Altarpiece (open) - Triptych of the Annunciation
workshop of the Master of Flémalle
15th Century Northern Europe
Oil on wood panel
Double Portrait of Giovanni Arnolfini and his Wife
Jan van Eyck
15th Century Northern Europe
Oil on wood panel
St. Luke Drawing the Virgin and Child
Rogier van der Weyden
15th Century Northern Europe
Oil and tempera on wood panel
Melun Diptych - Etienne Chevalier and St. Stephen/Virgin and Child
Jean Fouquet
15th Century Northern Europe
Oil on oak panel
The Temptations of St. Anthony
Martin Schongauer
15th Century Northern Europe
Engraving
Church of San Lorenzo
Filippo Brunelleschi (continued by Michelozzo di Bartolomeo)
Renaissance (15th Century Italy)
Florence, Italy
Ospedale degli Innocenti (Founding Hospital)
Filippo Brunelleschi
Renaissance (15th Century Italy)
Florence, Italy
Palazzo Medici-Riccardi
Attributed to Michelozzo di Bartolomeo
Renaissance (15th Century Italy)
Florence, Italy
also know courtyard with Sgraffito Decoration
David
Donatello
Renaissance (15th Century Italy)
Bronze
Gattamelata (Equestrian Statue of Erasmo da Narni)
Donatello
Renaissance (15th Century Italy)
Bronze
Jacob and Esau, panel of the “Gates of Paradise”
Lorenzo Ghiberti
Renaissance (15th Century Italy)
Gilded Bronze
The Tribute Money
Masaccio
Renaissance (15th Century Italy)
Fresco
The Battle of San Romano
Paolo Uccello
Renaissance (15th Century Italy)
Tempera on wood
Camera Picta
Andrea Mantegna
Renaissance (15th Century Italy)
Fresco
Baptism of Christ
Piero della Francesca
Renaissance (15th Century Italy)
Tempera on wood panel
Christ Giving the Keys to St. Peter
Perugino
Renaissance (15th Century Italy)
Fresco
Birth of Venus
Sandro Botticelli
Renaissance (15th Century Italy)
Tempera and gold on canvas
St. Francis in Ecstasy
Giovanni Bellini
Renaissance (15th Century Italy)
Oil on wood panel
Note 
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