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Digestive systems
Digestive systems
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18 Terms
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1
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What type of digestion does Hydra perform?
A combination of extracellular and intracellular digestion.
2
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What is the main function of the gastrovascular cavity in flatworms?
It allows for digestion and absorption of food products throughout the organism.
3
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What are the two openings of a tube gut in higher order animals?
One opening for ingestion and another for egestion.
4
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What is the function of salivary amylase?
It breaks down starch into maltose.
5
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What initiates peristalsis in the oesophagus?
Waves of contraction of muscles within the gut wall.
6
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What is chyme?
A semi-liquid produced in the stomach at the end of digestion.
7
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What do zymogenic cells secrete?
Pepsinogen, which is converted to pepsin for protein digestion.
8
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What is the role of Brunner's glands in the duodenum?
They secrete alkaline fluid and mucus to neutralize acid chyme.
9
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What is the main site of absorption in the human digestive system?
The ileum.
10
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What do the villi in the small intestine do?
They increase the surface area for digestion and absorption.
11
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What happens in the colon of the large intestine?
Water and mineral salts are absorbed, and vitamins produced by microorganisms are absorbed.
12
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What stores bile produced by the liver?
The gall bladder.
13
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What is one of the endocrine functions of the pancreas?
Secreting hormones like insulin and glucagon.
14
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What does the liver store excess glucose as?
Glycogen.
15
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What is the role of sphincter muscles at the anus?
They control the timing of defecation.
16
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What is the role of mucus in the stomach?
To protect the stomach lining from self-digestion by gastric juice.
17
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How do food fragments enter the cells lining the gut in Hydra?
By phagocytosis.
18
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What is the primary chemical digestion in the stomach aided by?
Enzymes and hydrochloric acid.