IoT Final

What muscle group does an EMG measure?

Muscles/Nerves

What does a Pulse Oximeter measure?

User’s pulse and the oxygen saturation of their blood.

What does a GSR measure?

Feedback based on the conductivity of skin.

What does an EEG measure?

Electrical activity in the brain.

What does the POUR acronym stand for?

Perceivable, Operable, Understandable, Robust.

What does PDLC stand for?

The Product Development Lifecycle

What is CI/CD

Continuous Integration/Continuous Design is a process used to frequently deliver applications to consumers using automation.

What is the difference between Jenkins and Travis CI?

Jenkins helps automate building, testing, deploying, facilitating CI and CD. Travis CI is a cloud based CI service that builds and tests your projects hosted on GitHub.

What is the structure for a research paper?

Abstract, Introduction, Background/Related Work, Methods, Results, Discussion, Conclusion and future works.

What is Sustainable Development?

Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

What are the 3 pillars of Sustainability?

Social, Economic, Environmental

What are some challenges for IoT in low resource areas?

Cost, Power, Connectivity, Human Resources

What are the characteristics of a Microcontroller?

Specific application, less energy, cheaper, execute code/flash, C/C++, lower clock speed.

What are the characteristics of a Microprocessor?

Flexible, Peripherals, More expensive, OS, Memory Management built in, More Programming languages, Faster Clock Speed

What are the characteristics of an Arduino?

Embedded Applications, Does one task well, lower over head, no radio, 

What are the characteristics of a Raspberry Pi?

Computer, multiple tasks, has an OS, largest amount of memory.

What are the characteristics of an ESP32?

Has a deep sleep mode, parts, analog vs digital, lowest cost.

What are the characteristics of a Licensed Band?

Must be purchased, requires permission to send and recieve, most consistent QOS.

What are the characteristics of an Unlicensed Band?

Free, listen before send, undetermined QOS due to interference.

What are some examples of short range communication?

RFID, Bluetooth, Zigbee, Matter, Z-Wave, ESPNow, Wi-Fi

What are some characteristics of RFID?

3 ft range, tracking/tracing, bulk tag reading, identification (such as for theft prevention, runner tracking, etc).

What are the differences between Zigbee and Zwave?

Zigbee: 2.4Ghz, Mesh, 30 hops, 250kbs, AES, Easy start.

Zwave: 800/900 MHz, Mesh, 4 hops, 100kbs, AES, Smart Start.

What does LoRaWAN stand for?

Long Range Low Power Wide Area Network

What are the big 4 IoT Layers?

Sensing, Network, Service, Interface.

What are 7 network topology types?

Point to point, Bus, Ring, Star, Tree, Mesh, Hybrid.

What is a risk and what is the equation for risk?

Risk is a function of the likelihood of a given threat-source’s exercising a particular potential vulnerability, and the resulting impact of that adverse event on the organization.

Risk = (Probability that a threat occurs) * (Cost to the asset owner)

What does the CIA acronym stand for?

Confidentiality, Integrity, Availability

What are some examples of hacking hardware?

Rubber ducky, Flipper Zero, WiFi Pineapple.

What are the differences between Encoding, Hashing, and Encrypting?

Encoding: Reversible transformation for storage or transmission.

Hashing: Irreversibly converting data into another string using a hashing function.

Encrypting: Transforms data with a key, but can be recovered with the correct key.

What is the difference between SQL and NoSQL?

SQL (ACID) stands for atomicity, consistency, isolation, durability, and guarantees data is always correct and transactions are reliable.

NoSQL (BASE) stands for basically available, soft state, eventual consistence, an prioritizes availability and speed over immediate consistency.

What are some backend communication methods and their perks?

SOAP: XML-based for enterprise application.

RESTful: Resource-based for web servers.

GraphQL: Query language reduce network load.

gRPC: High performance for microservices.

WebSocket: Bi-directional for low-latency data exchange.

Webhook: Asynchronous for event-driven application.

What are the 4 testing levels and what are they for?

Static: without running code, linting, typos.

Unit testing: Small unit of code, issues with code change.

Integration Testing: combination of functions, new process.

End to end testing: outside specific line of code, end user interaction.

What are the characteristics of a Monolithic Architecture?

Traditional, tightly couple components on a machine.

Pros: simple to build, fast and easy to deploy.

Cons: single point of failure, whole app needs to be deployed after change, longer release process, rebuild entire app to test, bug in one area affects everyone.

What are the pros and cons of a Microservice?

Pros: unique roles of services, different teams can work on isolated parts, only your app is deploying for test.

Cons: communication delays, maintaining consistency.

What are the differences between Forward Proxy and Reverse Proxy?

Forward Proxy: computers on a network accessing outside network, isolate internal network from public internet, security-block harmful website, hide IP of clients.

Backward Proxy: isolate internal network from public internet, hide internal network configuration, forward to server, security-DoS protection, load balancing.

What are the differences between Public, Private, and Hybrid clouds?

Public Cloud: services delivered online, shared; provider owns infrastructure.

Private Cloud: exclusive access for one organization; on site or hosted privately.

Hybrid Cloud: Combination lmao (examples include hospitals)

What are the differences between IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS?

IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service): virtual machines, storage, networking; you manage OS and apps.

PaaS (Platform as a Service): A managed platform for building and deploying apps - provider manages servers.

SaaS (Software as a Service): Fully manages applications accessible online, provider handles everything.