Chemistry 101

H

hydrogen

C

carbon

N

nitrogen

O

oxygen

F

flourine

Cl

chlorine

S

sulfur

P

phosphorous

Na

sodium

Mg

magnesium

K

potassium

Ca

calcium

Fe

iron

Cu

copper

Zn

zinc

Pb

lead

Li

lithium

Be

beryllium

B

boron

Ne

neon

Al

aluminum

Si

silicon

Ar

argon

Sc

scandium

Ti

titanium

V

vanadium

Cr

chromium

Mn

manganese

Co

cobalt

Ni

nickel

Ga

gallium

Ge

germanium

As

arsenic

Se

selenium

Br

bromine

Kr

krypton

Rb

rubidium

Sr

strontium

Ag

silver

Cd

cadmium

Sn

Tin

I

Iodine

Cs

cesium

Ba

barium

Pt

platinum

Au

gold

Hg

mercury

Xe

xenon

U

uranium

chemistry is the science that seeks to understand what matter does by studying what ___ and ____ do

atoms, molecules

hypothesis

a tentative, untested explanation of observations, experiments, or laws

model

a method of visualizing objects

theory

a refined and repeatedly verified hypothesis that is generally accepted. In science a theory is truth.

law

a summary of important relationships or information obtained from observations and experiments

a law provides the

what

a theory gives the

how

matter is defined as anything that occupies ___ and has ____

space, mass

definite

it stays the same no matter the container it is in

indefinite

it changes depending on the container it is in

pure substances are made of only ___ type of atom or molecule

one

mixtures are composed of __ or more different types of atoms or molecule combined in various compositions

two

elements

pure substances that consist of one kind of atom

There are currently __ known elements, of which _ are naturally occurring

118,89

solids are usually ___ on the periodic table

black

liquids are usually __ on the periodic table

blue

gases are usually ___ or ___ on the periodic table

red, green

atom

the smallest particle of an element

molecule

a group of atoms “stuck” together that act as a unit

H is a ___ molecule

diatomic

the diatomic molecules are

H, N, O, F, Cl, Br, and I

N is a ___ molecule

diatomic

O is a ___ molecule

diatomic

F is a ___ molecule

diatomic

Cl is a ___ molecule

diatomic

H is a ___ molecule

diatomic

Br is a ___ molecule

diatomic

I is a ___ molecule

diatomic

P has a subscript of

4

S has a subscript of

8

compounds are

made up of 2 more elements in a fixed proportion by mass

molecule

two or more atoms attached to each other that act as a unit

Homogeneous Mixtures

they are visually uniform, also called solutions

Heterogeneous Mixtures

they are not visually uniform

Identify the following as a/an

A.Element, B.Compound, C.Homogeneous Mixture, D.Heterogenous Mixture

S subscript of 8

element

Identify the following as a/an

A.Element, B.Compound, C.Homogeneous Mixture, D.Heterogenous Mixture

Pure sugar

compound

Identify the following as a/an

A.Element, B.Compound, C.Homogeneous Mixture, D.Heterogenous Mixture

C subscript 3 H subscript 8 O

compound

Identify the following as a/an

A.Element, B.Compound, C.Homogeneous Mixture, D.Heterogenous Mixture

Salt dissolved in water

homogeneous mixture

Identify the following as a/an

A.Element, B.Compound, C.Homogeneous Mixture, D.Heterogenous Mixture

Pure water

compound

Identify the following as a/an

A.Element, B.Compound, C.Homogeneous Mixture, D.Heterogenous Mixture

Tap water

homogeneous mixture

Identify the following as a/an

A.Element, B.Compound, C.Homogeneous Mixture, D.Heterogenous Mixture

a pineapple

heterogeneous mixture

Identify the following as a/an

A.Element, B.Compound, C.Homogeneous Mixture, D.Heterogenous Mixture

Pure copper

element

metals are usually shiny ,ductile (they can be shaped into ___), malleable, and good _____ of heat and electricity

wires, conductors

nonmetals are not shiny, ductile, nor malleable, and they are often ___ conductors of heat and electricity

poor

Are the metals on the left or the right? What about nonmetals?

left, right

What are the highlighted called?

metalloids or semimetals

Name the Metalloids or semimetals

B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, Te, Po, At

groups or families are elements in the same ___. These elements have similar chemical and physical properties.

column

The alkali metals are in

pink

the alkaline earth metals are in

yellow

the transition metals are in

blue