week #15

Nationality

Legal allegiance and attachment to a specific country (citizenship).

Ethnicity

Identity with a group based on shared cultural traditions and homeland/hearth.

Ethnic Enclave

A geographic area within a city with high ethnic concentration and distinct cultural identity.

Race

Classification based on perceived shared physiological traits (a social construct, not a biological reality).

Racism

The belief that one race is superior to others, leading to discrimination and systemic inequality.

Tradition

Customs and beliefs transmitted across generations within a culture or ethnicity.

Social Stratification

The hierarchical division of society into groups based on factors like wealth, power, and race.

Discrimination

Unfair actions or treatment of individuals or groups based on characteristics like race or ethnicity.

Jim Crow Laws

Historical Southern US laws that legally enforced racial segregation.

Segregation

The enforced spatial and social separation of different racial or ethnic groups.

Integration

The process of different groups mixing and sharing public spaces and opportunities.

The Great Migration

Mass movement of African Americans from the Southern US to Northern/Western cities in the mid-20th century.

Redlining

Discriminatory denial of services (like loans) to specific neighborhoods, usually based on racial composition.

White Flight

The rapid migration of white residents from diverse urban neighborhoods to homogeneous suburbs.

Local Culture

A group in a specific place that shares customs and works to preserve their uniqueness.

Homogeneous

A population or area that is uniform and similar in nature or character.

Heterogeneous

A population or area that is diverse and varied in character or content.

Cultural Diffusion

The spread of cultural elements (ideas, customs, etc.) from one place to another.

Arab

An ethnic group sharing a common language (Arabic) and culture across the Middle East/North Africa.

Kurds

A stateless ethnic group concentrated in parts of Turkey, Iraq, Iran, and Syria.

Terrorism

The systematic use of violence by non-state actors to intimidate a population or government for political goals.

Apartheid

The official system of rigid racial segregation and discrimination in South Africa (1948–1994).

Afrikaners

South Africans of Dutch descent; historical proponents of Apartheid.

Boers

Historical term for Dutch-descended farmers/settlers in South Africa (early Afrikaners).

Patriotism

A strong love and defense of one's country (pride in nation).

Ethnic Cleansing

The forced removal of an ethnic group from an area to create an ethnically pure region.

Genocide

The systematic and intentional mass killing of a specific national or ethnic group.

Nationalism

Intense loyalty and devotion to one's nationality, often implying superiority and desire for self-determination.

Balkanized

A small area unstable due to persistent, severe ethnic conflict.

Xenocentrism

The preference for another culture's products or ideas over one's own.