Chapter 4, page 1

These flashcards cover key concepts and definitions related to the composition and significance of human milk as discussed in the lecture.

Human Milk

The standard of care for infant feeding, providing optimal nutrition and various bioactive components.

Bioactive Components

Substances in human milk that have biological effects, including hormones and growth factors.

Oligosaccharides

Complex carbohydrates found in human milk that promote health and development in infants.

Critical Periods of Development

Key phases in an infant's growth when nutrient intake is crucial for metabolic and developmental processes.

Macronutrients

Nutrients in human milk such as proteins, fats, and carbohydrates essential for infant growth.

Proteins

Key nutrients in human milk that provide essential amino acids for infant development.

Epigenetic Gene Expression

The process by which human milk influences gene activity without altering the DNA sequence.

Circadian Rhythm

The natural internal process that regulates the sleep-wake cycle, which can be influenced by components in human milk.

Immunity Modulation

The ability of human milk to enhance the immune system and protect against diseases.

Probiotic Bacteria

Beneficial bacteria found in human milk that contribute to a healthy gut microbiome in infants.

Stem Cells

Undifferentiated cells present in human milk that have the potential to develop into different cell types.