Computer Hardware and Software: Key Concepts and Components

What is computer hardware?

The physical pieces of a computer system, such as the CPU, printer, and disk drive.

What are the main components of a computer system?

Input devices, output devices, system unit, storage devices, and communications devices.

What is the function of an input device?

To enter data and instructions into a computer.

What is the function of an output device?

To convey information from a computer to one or more people.

What does RAM stand for?

Random Access Memory.

What is the role of memory in a computer?

Memory is the central location for data flow, where the CPU receives and processes data.

What happens to data during a 'destructive read-in'?

The previous data in the memory cell is destroyed.

What is the difference between SSD and HDD?

SSD (Solid State Drive) has no moving parts and is faster, while HDD (Hard Disk Drive) has mechanical parts and is slower.

What is the function of the Arithmetic/Logical Unit (ALU)?

To carry out arithmetic and logical operations such as addition, subtraction, and logical comparisons.

What does the control unit do in a computer?

It provides control that enables the computer to utilize the speed and capacity of its components.

What is cache memory?

A high-speed storage used as an intermediary between the control unit and main memory.

What are microcomputers?

Personal computers such as desktops, laptops, notebooks, and tablet PCs.

What is the purpose of a Network Interface Card (NIC)?

To connect a computer to a network, often with a unique Media Access Control (MAC) address.

What is the difference between an IP address and a MAC address?

An IP address identifies a device on a network, while a MAC address is a hardware address unique to the NIC.

What is the function of a router?

To forward data packets between different networks.

What is an operating system (OS)?

A complex program that controls computer hardware and coordinates software operations.

What are the two main categories of software?

Application software and operating systems.

What are the advantages of open source software?

It is free, allows for customization, and benefits from community support.

What is a proprietary operating system?

An OS that is written for a specific computer system and is not freely available.

What is the main purpose of application software?

To accomplish specific tasks for computer users.

What is a web application?

An application that delivers services through the Internet and can be accessed via a web browser.

What is the significance of Moore's Law?

It predicts that the number of transistors on a microchip will double approximately every two years, leading to increased performance.

What are the disadvantages of cloud computing?

Dependence on internet access and reliance on service providers for data security.

What is a multi-core processor?

A processor that has two or more complete processors on a single chip, enhancing computing power.

What is the purpose of secondary storage?

To store larger amounts of data long-term, beyond what is held in memory.

What is the role of programming languages in software creation?

They are used to write the instructions that tell hardware what to do.