Chapter 1-7 Depression and Mood Disorders - Lecture Notes Flashcards

25 practice Q&A flashcards covering key concepts from the lecture notes on depression, mood disorders, and related treatments.

What does the lecture say about gender differences in depression risk?

Females are twice as likely as males to develop depression.

What does ACE stand for and how is it related to depression risk?

Adverse Childhood Experiences; higher ACE scores are associated with a greater likelihood of developing depression.

What kinds of childhood experiences are assessed by ACE-related inventories mentioned in the notes?

Divorce, abuse, and other traumatic experiences.

Name some stressful life events linked to depression.

Divorce, custody issues, losing a home, and job loss.

Which brain chemicals are linked to depression as discussed in the notes?

Serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine.

Why aren’t routine blood tests or simple brain scans used to diagnose depression?

There are no routine blood tests for brain chemicals and brain imaging is expensive and not practical for diagnosis.

What are two major life events that commonly contribute to depression in people aged 65 and older?

Decline in health and loss of a spouse.

How can retirement contribute to depression according to the lecture?

Loss of routine, purpose, social connections, and potentially idle time with few hobbies or family nearby.

What two resources were suggested to help depressed older adults stay engaged?

Senior centers and volunteering opportunities.

Depression is commonly seen with what three conditions, according to the notes on the Substance Abuse/Co-Occurring unit chapter?

Chronic medical illness, chronic pain, and substance abuse.

Explain the circular relationship between depression, chronic pain, and illness.

Chronic pain/illness reduces activity and mood; depression reduces engagement in healthy behaviors, potentially worsening health, creating a cycle.

What holistic factors should nurses consider when treating depressed patients with chronic illness?

Nutrition, appetite, exercise, and overall lifestyle (diet and immune support).

How does a co-occurring substance abuse unit approach treatment?

It treats substance use and mental illness simultaneously, instead of as separate issues.

Why is empathy emphasized when working with patients who have substance use issues?

Because many are trying to cope with distress and pain; understanding their position improves clinical judgment and care.

For Major Depressive Disorder, what is the minimum duration and required symptoms?

At least two weeks; depressed mood or loss of interest, plus five total symptoms.

Name several symptoms that can accompany major depressive episodes (aside from depressed mood).

Weight change, sleep disturbance, fatigue, feelings of worthlessness or guilt, poor concentration, and suicidal ideation.

What is Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD)?

A type of depression that occurs in a seasonal pattern, typically in winter.

What are two common symptoms of Seasonal Affective Disorder?

Oversleeping and carbohydrate cravings (carb cravings).

What treatments are commonly used for Seasonal Affective Disorder?

Antidepressants, light therapy, and psychotherapy.

What is persistent depressive disorder (dysthymia) and how long must symptoms last?

A milder but longer-lasting form of depression lasting at least two years in adults.

What is PMDD and when do its symptoms occur?

Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder; symptoms occur in the last week before the onset of menses.

What defines Substance-Induced Depressive Disorder?

Depressive symptoms caused by the direct effects of using substances or withdrawal.

What risks are associated with substance-induced mood disorders in the notes, including examples like lacing and polysubstance use?

Substance-induced mood disorders can include severe depression or psychosis; substances can be laced and polysubstance use can lead to dangerous psychiatric symptoms requiring intensive care.

Is memorization of DSM-5 criteria required for exams, according to the lecture?

No; students should be familiar with the criteria and focus on clinical judgment rather than memorizing every detail.