gov - the consitution

preamble

introductory statement of constitution, states purpose

ratification

official way of confirming something

federalism

power is split between central government and individual, state governments

judicial review

supreme court has power to declare acts of congress unconstitutional

ammendment

change/addition to the constitution

enumerated powers

powers granted to the US government by the constitution

popular sovereignty

political principle that the people are the source of all political power and legitimacy

elastic clause

congress can make laws that are necessary to carry out their enumerated powers

supremacy clause

the constitution is the supreme law of the USA

checks and balances

branches of government have the power to limit each others power

federalists

for the constitution as written

anti-federalists

threatened not to ratify constitution if bill of rights not inclueded

article I

establishes legislative branch

article II

establishes executive branch

article III

establishes judicial branch

article IV

establishes relationship between states and federal government, describes how to admit new states into the union

article V

describes how to amend the constitution

amendment proposal

2/3 majority vote in both chambers or constitutional convention called for by 2/3 of state legislature

amendment ratification

ratify by ¾ of state legislatures (38/50) or ¾ by state conventions

article VI

establishes constitution as supreme law of US, authorizes national debt, public officials must take an oath to support constitution

article VII

describes how to ratify constitution

1st ammendment

freedom of speech, religion, press, peaceful protest, and right to petition

2nd amendment

right to bear arms

3rd ammendment

limits quartering of troops

4th ammendment

no unreasonable search and seizure

5th ammendment

double jeopardy, cannot take property without compensation, right to due process, right not to incriminate yourself

6th ammendment

right to speedy and public trial by jury of peers

7th ammendment

right to trial with jury in civil cases worth more than $20

8th ammendment

no excessive bail or unusual punishment

9th ammendment

people may have rights not listed in the constitution

10th ammendment

any powers not delegated to federal government in the constitution are left to the states

judicial branch

interprets laws

executive branch

executes/carries out laws

legislative branch

creates laws

Marbury V Madison

first supreme court case, established concept of judicial review, William Marbury sued president claiming a president could not overturn an act of congress

McCulloh V Maryland

established necessary and proper clause, congress has “implied powers”