Impulse/Momentum- AP Physics l

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Last updated 11:14 PM on 1/27/26
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33 Terms

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Impulse

Change in momentum

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Impulse equation

J = Δp = FΔt

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Momentum change

Impulse is the change in momentum

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Impulse meaning

A force acting over time changes momentum

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Newton’s 2nd Law form

F = ma

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Momentum form of 2nd Law

F = Δp/Δt

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Impulse relation

F = J/Δt

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Stopping time and force

Shorter stopping time means larger force

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Impulse in stopping

Same impulse but smaller time gives bigger force

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Abrupt stop force

Greater force than slow stop for same object

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Momentum conservation

When no external forces act, momentum cannot change

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Collision momentum rule

Total momentum before = total momentum after

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Momentum type

Vector (direction matters)

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Same direction momentum

Add together

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Opposite direction momentum

Subtract

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Center of mass motion

Only changes when external net force acts

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Inelastic collision

Objects stick together

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Inelastic KE

Kinetic energy is not conserved

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Energy in inelastic collisions

Lost as heat/sound

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Velocity in inelastic collision

Objects share velocity

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Force in inelastic collision

Less force

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Elastic collision

Objects bounce off each other

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Elastic KE

Kinetic energy is conserved

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Force in elastic collision

More force

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Perfectly elastic collision

KE before = KE after

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