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Impulse
Change in momentum
Impulse equation
J = Δp = FΔt
Momentum change
Impulse is the change in momentum
Impulse meaning
A force acting over time changes momentum
Newton’s 2nd Law form
F = ma
Momentum form of 2nd Law
F = Δp/Δt
Impulse relation
F = J/Δt
Stopping time and force
Shorter stopping time means larger force
Impulse in stopping
Same impulse but smaller time gives bigger force
Abrupt stop force
Greater force than slow stop for same object
Momentum conservation
When no external forces act, momentum cannot change
Collision momentum rule
Total momentum before = total momentum after
Momentum type
Vector (direction matters)
Same direction momentum
Add together
Opposite direction momentum
Subtract
Center of mass motion
Only changes when external net force acts
Inelastic collision
Objects stick together
Inelastic KE
Kinetic energy is not conserved
Energy in inelastic collisions
Lost as heat/sound
Velocity in inelastic collision
Objects share velocity
Force in inelastic collision
Less force
Elastic collision
Objects bounce off each other
Elastic KE
Kinetic energy is conserved
Force in elastic collision
More force
Perfectly elastic collision
KE before = KE after