W10 BINARY

coding scheme

Standard which tells the user's machine which character

represents which set of bytes.

• used is very important as without it,

  the machine could interpret the given bytes as a different

  character than intended

Code

communications and information processing, ___ is a system of

rules to convert information—such as a letter, word, sound, image, or

gesture—into another form, sometimes shortened or secret, for

communication through a communication channel or storage in @

storage medium.

1. ASCli(American Standard Code for Information Interchange)

2. EBCDIC (extendedbinary Coded Decimal interchange code)

3. Unicode (Universal Code)

“3 COMMON CODING SCHEME”

ASCli(American Standard Code for Information Interchange)

• a Each alphabet, numeric and special character in representation with a 7-bit Binary number ( a string of seven 0’s or 1's).

• a a bit is the smallest unit of data in a computer

• a improved to AASCII-8

EBCDIC (extendedbinary Coded Decimal interchange code)

• IBM ( Internet Business Machines) developed for its larger operating systems for its largest systems.

• 256 possible characters (letters of the alphabet, numerals, punctuation marks and special characters) are defined.

• Has 8 bits code, 45 bits for zone, 4 bits for digits

• Allow 256 combinations and 256 unique symbols

• Used mainly in a mainframe computers/ mini computers

Unicode (Universal Code)

• Supports the most worlds languages and is becoming the internet standard.

• represents more than 65,000 characters and symbols

• in multilingual environment (Chinese and Japanese)

• Has 32 bits

• can cater up to 4 billion combinations

• 12 just like ASCII-8 , implemented by character encoding and now the

• commonly used coding scheme

• uses 8-32 bits per Code

numeral systems

Computer systems regularly use numeral systems of

bases other than 10. Base 2 (binary), Base 8 (octal),

base 16 (hexadecimal) ___ are used

because designing a computer system-is simpler in

this manner than for other bases

Binary

numbers are the core of all computer

operations. Unlike a decimal number, which has ten

digits, a binary number is made up of only two digits

s and O’s. It is very easy to represent binary values

in electrical circuits and computer systems. A high

voltage can be used for 1, and a low voltage for 0. A

single value, such as a1or 0, is called a bit.

Binary code

is the simplest form of computer code and

programming data. Often associated with machine code in the

binary sets can be combined to form a raw code. Which is

interpreted by a computer or other piece of hardware.

Binary number System

- numbering System that represents

numeric values using two unique digits (0 ad 1).

Binary File

- type of computer file that stores binary data. That

may contain the formatted and unformated data encoded within

binary format.

Binary Digit

- (bit) the smallest unit of informationin a computer. A

computer often classified as to how many bits it can processed at

one time or by the number of bits in @ memory address.

integer

is a datum of integral data type, a data type that represents some range

of mathematical integers. Integral data types may be of different sizes and may or

may not be allowed to contain negative values.

Integers are commonly represented in a computer as a group of binary digits (bits).

integer value

is typically specified in the source code of a program as a

sequence of digits optionally prefixed with + or —. Some programming languages

allow other notations, such as hexadecimal (base 16) or octal (base 8).

The internal representation of this datum is the way the value is stored in the

computer's memory.

Byte

- the basic unit of information in computer storage and processing.

octets

always refers to the 8- bit Quantity. It is mostly used in the field of

computer networking, where computers with different byte widths might have to

communicate.

word

In computing, a ___ is the natural unit of data used by a particular processor

design. A word is a fixed-sized piece of data handled as a unit by the instruction set or

the hardware of the processor. The number of bits in a word is an important

characteristic of any specific processor design or computer architecture.

Short Integer

- can represent a whole number that may take less storage, while having

a smaller range, compared with a standard integer on the same machine.

Long Integer

- can represent a whole integer that the range is greater than or equal to

that of a standard integer on the same machine.

Parity Check

• is the process that ensures accurate data transmission between nodes during

communication. It is an encoding scheme wherein a single bit is added to the message as

redundancy bit.

• is used not only in communications but also to test memory

storage devices. Many PCs, for example, perform parity check on memory every time a byte of

data is read.

1.) Odd Parity - a parity where the number of 1s is odd.

2.) Even Parity - a parity where the number of 1s is even.

Repetition Code

is performed by taking the k bits, then repeat it 2r + 1 times,

where r>_1 is a fixed integer.

Modular Arithmetic

If a and b are integers and m is a natural number, in symbols

a=b (mod m)