Diabetic Emergencies and Hypoglycemia

These flashcards cover key concepts about diabetic emergencies, hypoglycemia, signs and symptoms, treatment options, and special considerations for treatment.

What are some common reasons for symptomatic hypoglycemia to occur?

A correct dose of insulin with a change in routine, more insulin than necessary, a correct dose of insulin without eating sufficiently, or a correct dose of insulin during an acute illness.

How quickly can hypoglycemia develop compared to hyperglycemia?

Hypoglycemia can develop much more quickly than hyperglycemia, often in a matter of minutes.

What are some signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia?

Normal to shallow or rapid respirations, pale moist skin, diaphoresis, dizziness, headache, rapid pulse, normal to low blood pressure, altered mental status, and seizures.

What is the primary treatment for hypoglycemia?

Giving the patient glucose.

What special considerations are there for pediatric patients regarding hypoglycemia?

Children may have more difficulty regulating their blood glucose and may experience hypoglycemia due to toxic ingestions or because they cannot store excess glucose effectively.

What are the forms of oral glucose preparations for EMS providers?

Rapidly dissolving gel, large chewable tablets, and liquid formulations.

What are the contraindications for administering oral glucose?

Inability to swallow and unconsciousness.

What should be done if a patient's mental status normalizes after administering glucose?

Encourage the patient to eat a meal or snack containing carbohydrates and protein.

What complications can arise from diabetes?

Heart disease, visual disturbances, renal failure, stroke, and ulcers or infections of the feet or toes.

Why should diabetes patients be suspected of having a potential for heart attacks?

Diabetes is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, particularly in older patients.