Gases and solutions

What is the relationship between pressure and volume in gases?

They are inversely proportional (Boyle’s Law): as pressure increases, volume decreases.

How does temperature affect the volume of a gas?

As temperature increases, the volume increases (Charles's Law), assuming pressure is constant.

What is the relationship between pressure and temperature in gases?

They are directly proportional (Gay-Lussac’s Law): as temperature increases, pressure increases

How do you calculate the volume of a gas at different temperatures?

Use the equation V1/T1=V2/T2 (Charles’s Law).

What is molar volume?

The volume occupied by 1 mole of a gas at standard temperature and pressure (STP), 24 dm³

How is the ideal gas law expressed?

PV=nRT, where P = pressure, V = volume, n = moles, R = gas constant, T = temperature.

What is the significance of the molar volume at STP?

It allows you to calculate the number of moles from the volume of gas at STP.

How do you calculate the number of moles from the volume of gas?

moles = volume/24

What is the concentration of a solution?

Concentration is the amount of solute in a given volume of solution, usually expressed in mol/dm³.

How do you calculate the concentration of a solution?

Concentration = amount of solute (mol) / volume of solution (dm³)

What is the relationship between moles of solute and concentration?

Moles = concentration × volume.

How do you dilute a solution?

Add solvent to reduce the concentration of solute, while keeping the amount of solute constant.

What is the ideal gas law used for in real-world applications?

It helps calculate gas behavior under various conditions, such as in engines or weather predictions.

What is the unit of concentration in the formula for molarity?

Molarity is measured in mol/dm³ (moles per cubic decimeter).

How do you find the volume of a gas from the ideal gas law?

Rearrange PV=nRT to V= nRT / P to solve for volume