Nematodes, Platyhelminthes, and Trematodes Flashcards

Flashcards covering Nematodes, Platyhelminthes, and Trematodes topics.

What is another name for nematodes?

Roundworms

Are the sexes separate or combined in nematodes (dioecious)?

Sexes are separate (dioecious)

What feature is characteristic of the lumen of the pharynx in nematodes?

Triradiate lumen

What are the three layers of the nematode cuticle?

Cortical, median, and basal zones

What is the most prominent feature of the nematode nervous system?

Nerve ring or circumesophageal commissure

What are the two basic types of excretory systems in nematodes?

Glandular type and tubular type

What are three classifications of female nematodes based on reproduction?

Oviparous, Larviparous/Viviparous, and Parthenogenic

In what class is Trichuris trichiura classified?

Class Enoplea

In what class is Ascaris lumbricoides classified?

Class Rhabditea

What is the common name for Ascaris lumbricoides?

Giant Intestinal Roundworm

What are the three layers of a fertilized Ascaris lumbricoides ova?

Vitelline membrane, Glycogen membrane, and Albuminous/mammillary coat

How does Ascaris lumbricoides commonly enter the body?

Ingestion of fully embryonated eggs

What diagnostic tool is used to diagnose Ascaris?

DFS (Direct Fecal Smear)

What is the common name for Trichuris trichiura?

Whipworm

What is the shape of a Trichuris trichiura ova?

Barrel shaped, lemon, football shaped ova. Bipolar Plugged

What is the drug of choice for Trichuris trichiura?

Mebendazole

What is the common name for Trichinella spiralis?

Trichina Worm

What is the disease caused by Trichinella spiralis?

Trichinosis or Trichinellosis

What diagnostic test is used to diagnose Trichinella spiralis?

Muscle biopsy

How can you prevent and control Trichinella spiralis?

Cook meat 77 degrees Celsius (170 Fahrenheit) or freeze at -15 degrees Celsius for 20 days or -30 degrees Celsius for 6 days

What is the common name for Enterobius vermicularis?

Pinworm or Seatworm

What is the diagnostic characteristic of Enterobius vermicularis?

Presence of cephalic alae and distinct or prominent esophageal bulb

How long are Enterobius vermicularis ova infective to man after deposition?

6 hours

What type of transmission is retro infection in the life cycle of Enterobius vermicularis?

Gravid female after laying their eggs in the perianal area, goes back thru the anus to the large intestine. The larvae, upon hatching migrate back to the large intestine.

What is the common name for Strongyloides stercoralis?

Thread worm

What is the infective stage of Strongyloides stercoralis?

3rd stage filariform larva

What are the 3 phases of Strongyloides stercoralis infection?

Invasive, Pulmonary, and Tissue Destruction

Define 'Larva Currens'.

Caused by dermal blood vessel disruption brought on by massive migration of larvae within the skin.

What are some risk factors for severe Strongyloides stercoralis infection?

Immunosuppressant medications, Malignancy, Malabsorptive state, DM, Advanced age, HIV

What is the drug of choice for Strongyloides stercoralis?

Albendazole

What is the common name for Capillaria philippinensis?

Pudoc Worm

What types of females are found in Capillaria philippinensis?

Typical and Atypical

What is the vector of Filarial Worms?

Arthropod

What is meant by the term Periodicity concerning filarial worms?

The fluctuation of worm specimen during a 24 hour period.

What is the vector for Wuchereria Bancrofti?

Aedes Poecilus and Anopheles Minimus Flavirostris

What is the vector for Brugia malayi?

Mansonia Uniformis

What is the vector for Loa Loa?

Chrysops (Mango Fly)

What is the vector for Onchocerca volvulus?

Simulium files

What are the vectors for Dipertalonema perstans or Acanthocheilonema pestans?

Culicoides (biting midges)

Is there a treatment for Angiostongylus cantonensis?

No

What does Drancunculus medinensis use as an intermediate host?

Cyclops copepods

What are the four hookworms that infect Humans?

Necator americanus, Ancylostoma duodenale, Ancylostoma braziliense, and Ancylostoma caninum

What is a trademark characteristic of Necator?

Cutting plate

What are Class Tubelaria examples?

Planaria, Bipalium, Otoplano, Notoplana

What are Class Trematoda examples?

Fasciola Hepatica (Livefluke), Diplozoon

What are Class Cestoda examples?

Taenia spp. (tapeworm), Convoluta, Echinobothrium

What distinguishes order Pseudophillidea from Order Cyclophillidea?

Scolex Armed vs Unarmed, Equipped with grooves vs suckers, and spatulate vs quadrate shape

What are the three main parts of an adult tapeworm?

Scolex, neck, and strobila

What are the two medically important subclasses of Cestoda?

Pseudophillidea and Cyclophillidea

What is the longest tapeworm?

Diphyllobothrium latum

Why could a Diphyllobothrium latum infection lead to anemia?

The scolex attaches to the jejunum and competes with the host for the available supply of Vitamin B12.

What are the common names for Taenia solium and Taenia Saginata respectively?

Pork tapeworm and Beef tapeworm

What are the three stages of Cestode infection?

Procercoid, Plerocercoid, and Cystic

How is a Spirometra mansoni infection identified?

Diagnosis is made by finding the white larva in the lesion. Species identification is done through experimental infection of animals

What is the common name for Echinococcus granulosus?

Hydatid worm

What are the intermediate hosts of Dipylidium caninum?

Ctenophalides canis, Ctenophalides felis, and Pulex irritans

Which medication is typically used to treat RAILLIETINA GARRISONI?

Praziquantel

What is the smallest tapeworm infecting man?

Hymenolepis nana

All trematodes are .

heteroxenous

What is the largest fluke infecting man?

Fasciola hepatica

Immature Fasciola Heptica eggs must be passed out in what?

The feces

What is the common name for Clonorchis sinensis?

Chinese liver fluke/ oriental liver fluke

What is the second intermediate host of a Clonorchis sinesis?

fresh water fish (Cyprinidae)

What is the intermediate host of a Opistorchis Felineus?

Bithynia leachi

What is the common name for Paragonimus westermani?

Oriental lung fluke

What is the 2nd intermediate host of Paragonimus westermani?

Crab (Sundathelpusa philippina/ Parathelpusa grapsoides)

What is the intermediate host of Fasciolopsis buski?

Segmentina trocholdeus or Hippeutis umbilicalis

What are some identifying markers of a ECHINOSTOMA ILOCANUM?

Horseshoe-shaped spine and redish gray

Schistosomes, are .

blood flukes.