Chapter 19: Politics and Economics Lesson 3: Ford and Carter — Study Guide

Gerald Ford

President from 1974 to 1977, became president after Nixon's resignation due to the Watergate scandal.

Pardon of Nixon

Gerald Ford pardoned Nixon for any crimes related to Watergate, a controversial decision seen as unfair by many.

Stagflation

An economic condition characterized by high inflation and high unemployment occurring simultaneously.

WIN Program

Stands for 'Whip Inflation Now'; a program that encouraged Americans to save money and reduce spending.

Helsinki Accords

A 1975 agreement between the U.S., Soviet Union, and Europe to respect human rights.

Détente

A foreign policy aimed at easing tensions between Cold War rivals.

Malaise Speech

A speech by Jimmy Carter suggesting that Americans faced a crisis of confidence, which adversely affected his popularity.

Energy Crisis

A period marked by a shortage in oil and gas, leading to rising prices; significant impact on Carter's domestic policies.

Panama Canal Treaties (1978)

Agreements to transfer control of the Panama Canal from the U.S. to Panama by 1999.

Camp David Accords

A major peace agreement between Egypt and Israel facilitated by U.S. President Jimmy Carter.

Iran Hostage Crisis

A diplomatic standoff from 1979 to 1981, where 52 Americans were held hostage at the U.S. Embassy in Iran.