WW1 Test - Main Ideas

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26 Terms

1

Overall Causes of WWI

  • Militarism – European countries built up massive armies and navies.

  • Alliances – Secret treaties led to a tangled web of alliances.

  • Imperialism – Competition for colonies increased tensions.

  • Nationalism – Extreme pride in one’s country created rivalries

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2

Slogans used in WW1

'“We want you” ; “We can do it”

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3

Names for WW1

  •  “Family Feud”

  •   “Fall of the Eagles”

  •   “The War to End All Wars”

  •   “Make the World Safe for Democracy”

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4

Steps leading to war

  1. Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand (June 28, 1914).

  2. Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia.

  3. Russia supported Serbia.

  4. Germany supported Austria-Hungary.

  5. France and Britain joined, leading to a full-scale war.

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5

Who were the Allies

  • Britain

  • France

  • Russia (left in 1917)

  • Italy (joined later)

  • United States (joined in 1917)

  • Japan

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6

Who were the central powers

  • Germany

  • Austria-Hungary

  • Ottoman Empire

  • Bulgaria

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7

Importance of Archduke Franz Ferdinand

  • He was the heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne.

  • His assassination by a Serbian nationalist (Gavrilo Princip) triggered WWI.

  • Austria-Hungary used it as an excuse to declare war on Serbia.

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8

The Schlieffen Plan

  • Germany’s strategy to avoid a two-front war.

  • Plan: Attack France first (through Belgium), then focus on Russia.

  • It failed because:

    • Belgium resisted.

    • Britain entered the war.

    • Russia mobilized faster than expected.

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9

Brinkmanship

Pushing a conflict to the edge of war to force the enemy to back down.

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10

Attrition

Wearing down the enemy through continuous losses (WWI was a war of attrition).

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11

Importance of the Balkans

  • Called the "Powder Keg of Europe" because of ethnic tensions.

  • Serbia wanted independence, Austria-Hungary wanted control.

  • Many nationalist movements led to conflicts.

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12

Misconceptions Going into WWI

  • The war would be short (expected to end by Christmas).

  • Cavalry and old tactics would still work (new weapons made them useless).

  • Glory and heroism would define the war (it was brutal and deadly).

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13

New Weapons Used in WWI

  • Machine guns – Rapid fire, deadly in trench warfare.

  • Poison gas – Mustard gas, chlorine gas.

  • Tanks – First used by the British.

  • Airplanes – Used for reconnaissance and bombing.

  • Submarines (U-boats) – Used by Germany to attack ships.

  • Flamethrowers – Used in trench attacks.

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14

Trench Warfare

  • Soldiers fought in deep trenches to avoid machine guns and artillery.

  • Led to stalemates because neither side could advance.

  • Conditions:

    • Trench foot from waterlogged trenches.

    • Rats and lice spread disease.

    • No Man’s Land – The deadly area between trenches.

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15

The Western Front

  • Located in France and Belgium.

  • Most of the war’s major battles took place here (e.g., Battle of the Somme, Verdun).

  • Important because it was the main front between Germany and the Allies.

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16

The Eastern Front

  • Located in Russia, Poland, and Eastern Europe.

  • More mobile than the Western Front (not as many trenches).

  • Russia struggled due to lack of industrialization.

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17

Why America Entered WWI

  • Unrestricted submarine warfare – Germany sank U.S. ships (e.g., Lusitania).

  • Zimmerman Telegram – Germany tried to get Mexico to attack the U.S.

  • Economic ties – The U.S. traded more with Britain and France.

  • “Make the world safe for democracy” – Wilson’s reason for joining the war.

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18

Examples of WWI Propaganda

  • Posters – "Uncle Sam Wants You!" recruitment posters.

  • Films and speeches – Encouraged war bonds and enlistment.

  • Demonization of the enemy – Germans called "Huns" to make them seem barbaric.

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19

Three Goals of Propaganda

  • Recruitment – Convince men to join the military.

  • Funding the war – Get people to buy war bonds.

  • Boost morale and demonize the enemy – Make people support the war effort.

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20

Leader of Russia

Nicholas II

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21

Leader of Britain

George V

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22

Leader of France

Pres. Poincare

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23

Leader of Italy

Victor Emmanuel II

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24

Leader of Germany

Wilhem II

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25

Leader of the Ottoman Empire

Enver Pasha

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26

Leader of Austria-Hungary

Franz Josef

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