The Structure of DNA - The Double Helix
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11 Terms
What does it look like
a twisted ladder
what is it made of
Long chains of individual units called NUCLEOTIDES
Each nucleotide is composed of what
5 CARBON SUGAR (deoxyribose) and a PHOSPHATE GROUP (together they are the backbone) and one of the five NITROGEN-CONTAINING BASES (the rungs of the ladder)
Nitrogen bases from one strand of DNA connects to a what
COMPLEMENTARY NITROGEN BASE on the other strand of DNA by HYDROGEN BONDS
(A-T = 2 hydrogen bonds)
(G-C = 3 hydrogen bonds)
The 4 NITROGENOUS BASES found in DNA are
Adenine (A)
THYMINE (T)
Guanine (G)
CYTOSINE (C)
RNA contains what instead of what
Contains URACIL (U) instead of THYMINE (T)
Bases are divided into two types
PURINES - double ring structure (A and G)
PYRIMIDINE - Single ring structure (T, C and U)
Chargaff’s rule states what
ADENINE ONLY bonds with THYMINE and GUANINE with CYTOSINE
The strands are put together how
ANTI-PARALLEL so that one strand is “upside-down) compared to the other
It is estimated the human genome contains about how many base pairs of DNA in how many chromosomes
3 billion base pairs of DNA in 46 chromosomes
Uncoiled each chromosomes averages about how long
5cm in length