Military Public Health

Eschelon 1

Individual solider and unit-level PMT measures.

Includes FST

Echelon 5

The Army Public Health Command

Responsibilities of:

Field Preventive Medicine'

Provides support to water supply and purification/distribution, food service sanitation, waste disposal, arthropod control, rodent control, personal hygiene, cold and hot weather injuries, toxic industrial chemicals/materials, and noise

Eukaryotic Cell (Eu→ True)

A cell containing a true nucleus

Eukaryotic Cell (Eu→ True)

They have Mitochondria

Prokaryotic Cell

A cell lacking a true nucleus

Prokaryotic Cell

Very simple cells

3 Basic shapes of Microorganisms

Bacilli (rectangular or rod-shaped)

Spiral (cockscrew or curved)

Coccus

Microaerophiles

Require oxygen at levels lower than room air. They are “poisoned” by high concentrations of oxygen

Rickettsia and Chlamydiae

Atypical Bacteria but still bacteria

Obligate intracellular parasites; like viruses they only live and reproduce within a host cell

Viruses

Submicroscopic

Acellilar

Contain ONLY DNA or RNA

Fungi

Spores are resistant to heat, cold, acids, bases, and other chemicals

Microorganism Diseases

Viruses

Hepatitis & Rabies

Identify outbreak investigation steps:

Define the problem

1. Verify the diagnosis or that the problem even exists\

2. Confirm lab data

Food Sampling Kit

1. Large forceps, butcher knife, tablespoons

2. Themometer

3. Ice and ice chest. Dry ice may be required.

Environmental/ Industrial Hygiene Sampling Kit

1. Used to collect air, dust, and soil contaminates

2. Air sampling pumps

3. Anemometer for ventilation check

4. Wipes for dust

5. Gardening tool to collect soil

STI : Gonorrhea : Causative Agent

Neisseria gonorrhea; gram-negative deplococcal bacterium known as “gonococcus”

Hepatitis A caused by?

Ingesting food that has been contaminated by infect food that are not cooked or handled after cooking.

Fecal Oral Contact

HIV Testing

Results availbale in 20 min

Attack Rate

Describe a disease outbreak that occurs in a small population in a short time period

HIV Testing ; Home testing ; 2 FDA approved home tests are….

Quick and/or Home Access HIV -1

Components of Health Surviellance:

Dissemination

Send surveillance information to those who need to known

Components of Health Surviellance

Dissemination - CDC provides reports:

MMWR Summary of Notifiable DIseases

MMWR Surveillance Summaries

Outbreak Questionnaire

Identifying/ Demographic Data

Occuptional data

Signs and symptoms

Mode of Transmission:

Direct

Bacterial Meningitis

Syphilis

Rubella

Sources of Data

Morbidity & Mirtality reports:

Vital statistics

MMWR

MSMR

Endemic

Constant presence of a disease or infectious agents within a given geographical area

Break the Chain of Infection:

Host - Isolation

Seperate infected persons from others during the communicble period

(Eu→ True)Eukaryotic Cell

Psychrophiles

Thrive in cold ocean water

Thermophiles

Heat loving microbes

Psychrophiles

Optimum temp of 30-68 F

Thermophiles

Heat loving microbes

Thermophiles

Above 113F

Factors that affect health and wellnes

Biological influences

• Genetic inheritance

• Gender

• Age

• Race

Environmental influences

• Physical environment

• Psychological environment

  • Sociocultural environment

What to educate adolescents?

Substance abuse

Secondary Prevention

Detect diseases early before signs and symptoms develop and treat promptly

If cure is impossible slow its progression

If natural bristles brushes are prohibitied then what are accepted?

Synthetic bristle bruches