Osteichthyes - Bony Fish

What class are the ray finned fish

Actinopterygii

What are the bony fish called

Osteichythyes

What are the 3 classes of Osterichythyes?

Actinopterygii (ray-finned fish)

Actinistia (Coelocanth)

Dipnoi (lungfish)

What are the major innovations of bony fish?

operculum to pump water over gills

Lungs/swim bladder

progressive modification of jaws

How many gill arches do Osteichthyes posess?

Four

What are the attachments on the four gill arches called

lamellae

What is the difference between lamellae and gill filaments?

What is the gas exchange system in bony fish?

Counter-current exchange system

How does the counter current exchange system work?

maximises the oxygen gradient between deoxygenated and oxygenated water

What is the opperculum created from?

bony plates which are attached to the first gill arch

How does the swim bladder react to

What are the two common methods for the swim bladder to fill with gas

Attached to the gut and gulp/burp air

Use blood chemistry to transfer air in

Do ray-finned fish have a vertebral column or a notochord in adulthood?

vertebral collum

Do cartilaginous fish have a vertebral column or a notochord in adulthood?

vertebral collum

Do jawless fish have a vertebral column or a notochord in adulthood?

notochord

What supports the paired fins of rayed-finned fish

pectoral and pelvic gurdles

What type of jaw structure is this?

Terminal

What type of jaw structure is this?

Superior

What type of jaw structure is this?

Inferior sub-terminal

What are the two clades within the Osteichythes? (bony fishes)

Actinopterygii - ray finned fish

Sarcopterygii - lobe finned fish

Describe the tail of ray finned fish

Homoceral tial

What is a homceral tail?

equally sized sides

What do mucus glands in skin do?

decrease drag and friction

Where are gill rakers located and what do they do?

What is responsible for more advanced fishes increased motor control

enhanced cerebellum

How do marine ray-finned fish manage osmoregulation

Use special Cl- cells to actively transport ions out • Na+ ions follow passively

How do freshwater ray-finned fish manage osmoregulation

Lose salts by diffusion

Salts replenished during feeding

Describe the typical reproduction of ray-finned fish

mostly external and egg laying

How do the fins in cartilaginous fish differ from ray-finned fish?

The fins of ray finned fish are maneuverable

What are the purpose of the median fins?

stability

Where do lungfish get air from?

gulp air from the surface

Describe the dormancy of lungfish

at the bottom of riverbeds in a self-formed cocoon

metabolism dramatically slowed

What class are lungfish?

Dipnoi

Describe the fins of lungfish

flesh, lobed and paired

What class are coelacanths

Actinistia

Describe the tail of coelacanths

diphycercal

What are the closest living relatives of tetrapods?

class actinistia / coleocanths