Big Ideas 3: Algorithms and Programming

What is an abstraction?

An abstraction is a way to represent essential features without including the background details and explanation, reducing the complexity and allowing for efficient design.

What is a variable?

A variable is an abstraction that holds a value.

Why is it important to name variables a certain name?

Meaningful variable names help with the readability of a program’s code and reduces the level of complexity of a program.

What are the five mathematical operators in coding?

The five mathematical operators include: addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and modulus.

What is modulus?

Modulus is a mathematical operation that returns the remainder after an initial number (the dividend) is divided by another number (the division).

What are some notes about modulus?

If the dividend is less than the divisor, it returns the dividend. Also, a dividend that is zero returns 0.

What are the order of operations for the mathematical operations.

First: Parentheses

Second: MOD, *, /

Third: +, -

What is an element?

An element is an individual value in a list that is assigned a unique index.

What is a list?

A list is a data abstraction that reduces the level of complexity of a program by sequencing elements.

What is a index?

An index is a common method for referencing the elements in a list or string using natural numbers.

What happens if a lost index is less than one or greater than the length of the list?

An error message will be produced and the program will terminate.

What are display operators?

Display operators are those that display numbers or expressions.

What are input operators?

Input operators are values accepted from a user.

What are relational operators?

Relational operators are utlized to compare two values ; they can either evaluate to true or false.

What are all the relational operators?

The exam reference sheet provides the following relational operators: =, ≠ (!=), >, <, ≥, and ≤.

What does random(a, b) do?

It evaluates to a random integer from a to b.

What are booleans?

A Boolean value is a value that evaluates to true or false.

How many types of booleans operators are there?

There are three types of boolean values: not(boolean), booleana and booleanb, and booleana or booleanb

What is the explanation for not(boolean)?

not(boolean) evaluates to true if boolean is false; otherwise it is true.

What is the explanation for booleana and booleanb?

booleana and booleanb evaluates to true if both booleana and booleanb are true; otherwise evaluates to false.

What is the explanation for booleana or booleanb?

booleana or booleanb evaluates to true if both booleana or booleanb are true or both are true; otherwise evaluates to false if both are false.