Hunger, Eating, and Health

These flashcards cover vital terms and concepts related to the topics of hunger, eating, and health, including theories, mechanisms, and disorders.

Digestion

The process by which food is broken down and absorbed by the body.

Energy Metabolism

The biochemical process in which the body converts food into energy, occurring in three phases: cephalic, absorptive, and fasting.

Set-Point Theory

The theory that asserts the body attempts to maintain a certain weight, or set-point, through various physiological mechanisms.

Positive-Incentive Perspective

A theory proposing that people are motivated to eat by the anticipated pleasure of eating rather than just physiological needs.

Hypothalamic Nuclei

Specific areas in the hypothalamus that are involved in regulating hunger and satiety.

Serotonin

A neurotransmitter that has been found to play a role in satiety and reduction of food intake.

Prader-Willi Syndrome

A genetic disorder characterized by insatiable hunger, slow metabolism, and physical and behavioral issues.

Leptin

A hormone produced by fat cells that helps regulate body fat by decreasing appetite.

Anorexia Nervosa

An eating disorder involving an intense fear of gaining weight and a distorted body image, leading to severe food restriction.

Bulimia Nervosa

An eating disorder characterized by binge eating followed by purging, often without significant weight loss.

Gastrointestinal Tract

The organ system responsible for digestion and absorption of food, playing a crucial role in feeling satiated.

Conditioned Taste Aversion

A learned response to avoid certain foods that have previously caused illness or discomfort.

Cafeteria-style diet

A diet that includes a wide variety of foods, which can influence the amount and types of food a person eats.

Blood Glucose Levels

The concentration of glucose in the blood, which influences feelings of hunger and satiety.

Insulin

A hormone that regulates glucose levels in the blood and is associated with energy storage.

Gut Microbiome

The collection of trillions of microorganisms living in the digestive tracts, influencing digestion, metabolism, aids in food breakdown, and immune function.

Lipids

A group of molecules that include fats, oils, and cholesterol, playing key roles in energy storage, cellular structure, and hormone production.