Foundation- infection control

infection control

the invasion and multiplication of microorganisms in body tissues

positive consequences

intact immune response, protects host against pathogen

healthy organs, cells functioning properly

client/ patient in good physical health

negative consequences

infections that are severe poorly responsive to therapy or initially untreated

overwhelm defenses of own body

immunocompromised status of host can also lead to severe infections

multi-organ system failure

infection control primary prevention

handwashing with soap and water

standard precautions

immunizations

secondary prevention

screening

chain of infection

infectious agent

reservoir

portal of exit

mode of transmission

portal of entry

host

infectious agent

bacteria, virus, fungi, protozoa

reservoir

food, oxygen, water, temp, pH, light

portal of exit

skin and mucous membranes, Respiratory tract, GI/GU tract, repo tract, blood

modes of transmission

direct → person to person

indirect → inanimate objects (formites)

droplet → coughing

airborne → TB, so small can linger for a long time

vector→ animal/ parasite

susceptible host

immunocompromised, chronic, trauma, after stress, worn out

defense against infection

normal flora

body system defenses

inflammatory response

why do health care- associated infections occur

as a result of invasive procedures, antibiotic administration, multidrug- resistant organisms(inappropriate use of antibiotics), breaks in infection prevention and control activities

What health history questions would assist in determining if a patient is at risk and/or has an infection?

risk factors: traveled anywhere recently, been around anyone who is sick produced vaccines

clinical appearance: fever chil fatigue broken skin,

status of defense mechanism: experiencing stress, nutrition sleep medications ,

laboratory data: WBC

ways to prevent infection

protecting the host

controlling/ eliminating reservoirs

controlling portals of exist and entry

control of transmission

protecting the host

bathing (CHG), adequate fluids, good nutrition, immunizations

controlling/elimination reservoirs

bathing, dressing changes for wounds , wearing gloves if coming into contact with blood and/or body fluids

controlling portal of exit/entry

covering cough appropriately, STANDARD PRECAUTIONS

control of transmission

STANDARD PRECAUTIONS, cleaning off equipment, keeping linens off floor, HAND HYGIENE

infection control basic principals

-understand how certain diseases are transmitted and which protective barriers to use

-use through hand hygiene before entering and leaving the room of a patient in isolation

-dispose of contaminated supplies and equipment in a manner that prevents spread of microorganism to other people as indicated by the mode of transmission of the organism

-protect all people who might be exposed during transport of a patient outside the isolation room

isolation environment

private room

anteroom: access to handy hygiene and PPE

all personnel and visitors perform hand hygiene and following isolation precautions

properly donning PPE

gown: put on, pull sleeves to wrist, tie at neck and waist

mask: apply mask, if needed, after have gown on (apply protective eyewear on after this if needed

gloves: apply ckean gkoves on last, make sure gloves placed over sleeves of gown

properly doffing PPE

gloves are removed first

remove eyewear face shield

remove gown

remove mask

perform hand hygiene

nurses role in infection control

proper hand hygiene

proper precautions

patient and family education

assessing for risk factors

assessing for presence of infection