Immunology and Serology

Flashcards covering key vocabulary and concepts in immunology and serology.

Immunogen

Molecules capable of triggering an adaptive immune response by inducing the formation of antibodies and sensitized T cells.

Antigen

Substance that reacts with antibody or sensitized T-cells but may not be able to evoke an immune response by itself.

Immunoglobulins

Glycoproteins found in serum or plasma of the blood; involved in the humoral immune response.

Epitopes

Determinant sites on antigens that are recognized and bound by antibodies.

Hapten

Nonimmunogenic material that can elicit an immune response when attached to a carrier.

Adjuvant

A substance administered with an immunogen that increases the immune response.

Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC)

A set of molecules displayed on cell surfaces that presents antigens for recognition by T cells.

MHC Class I

Presents intracellular antigens, activates CD8+ cytotoxic T cells, and includes HLA-A, HLA-B, and HLA-C.

MHC Class II

Presents extracellular antigens, activates CD4+ helper T cells, and includes HLA-DR, HLA-DQ, and HLA-DP.

Isotype

Different classes of antibodies defined by their heavy chain structure.

Allotype

Genetic variations in the constant regions of antibodies among individuals.

Idiotype

Variations in the variable regions of antibodies that determine their specific antigen binding.

IgG

The most abundant immunoglobulin in serum, playing a key role in the secondary immune response.

IgM

The first antibody produced during an immune response, known for its pentameric structure.

IgA

Found in secretions such as saliva and breast milk, plays a crucial role in mucosal immunity.

IgE

Involved in allergic responses and immunity against parasites.

Hybridoma Technology

A method used to produce monoclonal antibodies by fusing B cells with myeloma cells.