Nationalism Test Review

Peninsulares

People born in Spain, only a small percent of the population

Creoles

Spaniards born in Latin America, they could not hold office but could serve the military

Mestizos

People of mixed European and Indian ancestry

Mulattos

People of mixed European and Slaves

African Slaves

Slaves of African descent

Native Americans

The original people of the Americas

Creoles

Which group led the revolutions?

Haiti

Which Latin American colony was the first to win independence?

French Control

Who did Haiti win independence from?

Toussaint Louverture

Who led the revolt in Saint Domingue

Venezuela, Bolivia, Ecuador, Columbia

What nation did Simon Bolivar lead to independence

Argentina, Chile, Peru

What nations did Jose de San Martin lead to independence?

No bloodshed

How was Brazil’s independence movement different from the rest of South America?

Led 80,000 against Mexico and lost, but ultimately started the revolution

What role did Father Hidalgo play in Mexico’s independence movement?

Conservative

Landowners and nobles who wanted traditional monarchies

Liberal

Wealthy merchants and business owners who wanted limited democracy

Radical

Believe in liberty and equality and wanted everyone to have a vote

Nationalism

Loyalty to a nation of people with common culture or history

Nation-state

Nation with its own independent government

Nationalism and liberalism

What were the causes of the revolutions of 1830-1848?

Ethnic uprising in Europe

What European nationalist revolutions were successful?

Sardinia

What Italian state led the Italian unification movement?

Count Camillo Di Cavour

Who led Sardinia

Lost a war to Cavour

How was northern Italy brought into unified Italy

Giuseppe Garibaldi

Who helped bring southern Italy into the new nation?

Redshirts

What were Giuseppe Garibaldi’s followers called

Victor Emmanuel II

Who became the first ruler of unified Italy?

Social tensions; Economic disparities; political fragmentation

What 3 problems existed even after the unification of Italy?

Austria and Prussia

What two German states competed for the leadership of German unification?

Made Germany into 39 states

How did Napoleon Bonaparte contribute to German unification?

Otto Von Bismarck

Who were the leaders of Prussia who led German unification?

Realpolitik

“Politics of reality” where there is no room for idealism. 

Blood and Iron

Through wars and bloodshed.

Annexed by Prussia

How did Prussia acquire Schleswig-Holstein?

Seven week war against Austria

How did Prussia unite the northern part of the country?

Rallying German people

What was the final step of German unification?

Shifts in the Balance of Powers

What were the consequences of German unification?

Mercantilism

economic cause of Latin American revolutions

Iturbide

Became emperor of Mexico during revolution

Republic

Initially created from the revolutions in France

Competition

Pro and Con of Nationalism

Ottoman, Austrian, Russian

What are the “aging empires”?