PE 1 & 2

WLA LANG

Health

is defined as a holistic state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being. It encompasses not just the absence of disease or infirmity but also the presence of positive factors that contribute to an individual's overall quality of life.

Fitness

is defined as the capacity to perform daily activities with enthusiasm and energy. It encompasses not only the physical ability to complete tasks without excessive tiredness but also the mental alertness that allows individuals to engage fully in their daily lives.

Wellness

A broader concept that encompasses not only physical health but also the intricate balance of mental, emotional, and social well-being. It is essential to recognize it as a holistic approach, integrating various aspects of life to achieve a state of harmony and fulfillment.

cardiovascular endurance

The ability of the heart, lungs, and blood vessels to supply oxygen during sustained physical activity is a crucial aspect of physical fitness. This allows individuals to perform various activities over extended periods without excessive fatigue

Muscular strength

The amount of force a muscle or group of muscles can exert in a single effort is a crucial aspect of physical fitness and strength training. This concept is the ability of a muscle to generate maximum force against resistance in a single contraction.

Muscular endurance

The ability of a muscle or muscle group to perform repeated contractions over time without fatigue is a crucial aspect of physical fitness. This allows individuals to engage in various activities for extended periods, enhancing overall performance and stamina.

Flexibility

The range of motion available at a joint refers to the extent to which a joint can move in various directions. This is crucial for performing everyday activities and engaging in physical exercises. A greater range of motion can enhance athletic performance and reduce the risk of injuries.

Body Composition

The ratio of fat mass to lean mass, which includes muscle, bone, and organs, is a crucial aspect of body composition. This ratio plays a significant role in determining overall health and fitness levels.

agility

• The ability to move quickly and change direction with control is a crucial skill in many sports and physical activities. This allows athletes to respond effectively to dynamic situations, enhancing their performance and reducing the risk of injury.

balance

• The ability to maintain stability whether stationary or moving, which is crucial in various physical activities and sports. This skill allows individuals to perform tasks with precision and control, minimizing the risk of falls or injuries.

Coordination

• The ability to use different body parts together smoothly and efficiently is a fundamental aspect of various physical activities. This is essential for performing tasks that require precision and fluidity.

Power

• The ability to exert maximum force in a short amount of time is often referred to as explosive strength. This type of strength is crucial in various athletic activities where quick bursts of energy are required to achieve optimal performance.

Reaction time

• The time it takes to respond to a stimulus, which is a crucial aspect in various activities, especially in sports and emergency situations.

Speed

• The ability to move quickly across the ground or move limbs rapidly is a fundamental aspect of physical fitness and athletic performance. This allows individuals to respond swiftly to various situations, whether in sports or daily activities.

Frequency

• How often one exercises can significantly impact overall health and well-being.

Intensity

how hard one exercises.

Time

• The duration of exercise sessions or the total amount of time spent exercising in a given period, crucial for achieving fitness goals.

Type

The kind of activity one engages in.

Specificity

• To enhance physical fitness, it is essential to focus on training specific body parts or systems that one aims to improve. This targeted approach allows for more effective workouts and better results.

Overload

To achieve significant improvements in physical performance, it is essential to challenge the body by exceeding its usual capabilities.

Progression

When engaging in any physical activity or exercise regimen, it is crucial to approach it with a gradual mindset. This means progressively increasing the intensity, frequency, or duration of workouts over time.

Reversibility

• Fitness gains are lost when training ceases. This is a crucial point to understand, as the body requires regular stimulus to maintain the adaptations it has made. When training stops, the physiological changes that have occurred begin to reverse, leading to a decline in strength, endurance, and overall fitness levels.

Individuality

Exercise is a highly individualized activity, and the way each person responds to it can vary significantly due to various factors. Genetics play a crucial role in determining how bodies react to different types of physical activity.

Recovery

are essential components of any fitness regimen. The body undergoes various physiological processes during rest that are crucial for muscle repair and growth

stress

a complex physiological and psychological response that the body experiences when faced with challenges or demands.

Anatomical landmarks

are biologically meaningful points or loci in the human body.  The loci or point of origin are clear and unambiguously defined.  These landmarks can be located repeatedly with high degree of accuracy and precision such that they serve as reliable starting points for describing placement and direction.

head and neck

includes forehead, temples, eyes, nose, cheeks, mouth, ears, and the whole neck area

front trunk/anterior

chest, diaphragm, abdomen, navel

back trunk/posterior

shoulder blades, middle back, lower back

arms

upper arm, elbow, forearm, wrist, hands, fingers

legs

thigh, knee, lower leg (shin in front, calf at the back), ankle, foot, sole (heel, ball), toes

shoulder girdle/pectoral

connects arm to trunk

hip girdle/pelvic

connects leg to trunk

anatomical landmarks

are biologically meaningful points or loci in the human body.  The loci or point of origin are clear and unambiguously defined. 

Anatomy Directional Terms

This text is used by professionals such as educators, healthcare workers, anatomists, fitness trainers, exercise specialists, and coaches to accurately describe the position of one body part in relation to another. It provides a clear understanding of anatomical directions and spatial relationships within the human body.

anatomical position

To describe different parts of the human body, anatomists established a standard reference position, enabling them to explain the locations and relationships of various structures and regions accurately.

midline

which divides the figure into the left and right side. landmark that cab be a reference point for other descriptions (MEDIAL - TOWARDS CENTER) (LATERAL - AWAY FRM CENTER)

TRANSVERSE

planes divide the body into superior and inferior portions and are perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the body. Rotational movements

sagittal

plane passes through the midline of the body and divides the body into equal left and right (LaPres et al., 2016). Forward-backward movements

FRONTAL

planes divide the body into anterior and posterior portions (LaPres et al., 2016). SIDE-TO-SIDE movements

AXIS

the imaginary lines around which body parts rotate within specific planes. either runs through a plane or is perpendicular, or runs along a plane and is parallel.