Review of Reproductive Health and Related Conditions

These flashcards cover various aspects of reproductive health, including STIs, menstrual cycles, fertility issues, and methods for prevention and diagnosis of various conditions.

What is chlamydia?

A sexually transmitted infection that can be asymptomatic.

What is the main function of the ovaries?

To produce eggs and hormones.

Which hormone is primarily responsible for ovulation?

Luteinizing hormone (LH).

What is the name of the phase in the menstrual cycle after ovulation?

Luteal phase.

What is implantation?

The process by which a fertilized egg attaches to the uterus.

Where does fertilization occur?

In the fallopian tube.

What is the function of the uterus?

Implantation and fetal growth.

Which phase of the menstrual cycle is dominant during the luteal phase?

Progesterone.

What do you call a pregnancy outside of the uterus?

Ectopic pregnancy.

What is a complication of ectopic pregnancy?

Peritonitis.

What is infertility?

The inability to conceive after 12 months of regular unprotected sexual intercourse.

What is the normal range for a sperm count in a semen analysis?

20 million sperm per milliliter.

What is fertilization?

The union of a sperm and an egg.

What is considered a normal semen analysis?

20 million / 20,000,000 sperm per milliliter.

What is PID?

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease.

What is a classic sign of PID?

Lower abdominal pain and fever.

What is the medication commonly used for chlamydia?

Azithromycin.

How can you prevent cervical cancer?

Through HPV vaccination.

What is the screening test for cervical cancer?

Pap smear.

What is the major risk factor for cervical cancer?

HPV infection.

What are common early signs of uterine cancer?

Unexplained bleeding.

What is a common sign of endometrial cancer?

Suprapubic pain.

How is ovarian cancer diagnosed?

There is no definite diagnostic test.

What signs often appear with ovarian cancer?

Symptoms often appear late in the disease.

How can prostate cancer be diagnosed?

Through a digital rectal exam.

What are the steps in performing a breast self-examination?

Inspect and feel for lumps.

What does early menstruation increase the risk of?

Breast cancer risk.

What does late menstruation increase the risk of?

Potential complications in pregnancy.

What should patients do while performing a digital rectal exam?

Assume a Sims position.

How to perform a breast self-examination?

Use touching motions to feel for lumps.

What other examination can help detect prostate cancer?

Digital Rectal Exam.

What is the symptom associated with lower abdominal pain?

PID which can cause fever.

What is a common cause of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)?

Chlamydia.

What does a Pap smear test for?

Cervical cancer.

What symptom is indicative of endometrial cancer?

Pain during menstrual cycle.

What lifestyle changes can reduce cervical cancer risks?

HPV vaccinations and regular screening.

What are the potential complications of untreated chlamydia?

Infertility and PID.

What is the typical treatment for chlamydia infections?

Antibiotics such as Azithromycin.

What anatomical structure is primarily affected by ectopic pregnancy?

The fallopian tube.

What is a risk factor for uterine cancer?

Obesity.

What can excessive bleeding post-menopause indicate?

Possible uterine cancer.

What is endometriosis?

A condition where endometrial tissue grows outside the uterus.

What common symptom might indicate endometriosis?

Chronic pelvic pain.

How does the menstrual cycle influence the risk of ovarian cancer?

More ovulatory cycles may increase risk.

What diagnostic test is necessary for prostate issues?

Digital rectal examination.

What is a key factor in managing ovarian cancer risk?

Understanding family history.

What should women increase awareness of regarding breast health?

Perform regular self-examinations.

What can result from untreated PID?

Increased risk of infertility.

What condition involves abnormal cells on the cervix?

Cervical dysplasia.

What factor contributes to higher rates of endometrial cancer in certain women?

Estrogen exposure.

What type of cancer is associated with abnormal Pap smear results?

Cervical cancer.

What dietary factors are linked to breast cancer risk?

High-fat diets.

What reproductive health issues can obesity cause?

Hormonal imbalances and increased cancer risk.

What should be evaluated during a routine gynecological exam?

Breast and cervical health.

What is the function of the prostate gland?

Produce seminal fluid.

What reproductive system diseases require immediate medical attention?

PID and ectopic pregnancy.

How does chlamydia affect fertility?

Can lead to scarring and blockage of fallopian tubes.

What is the first sign of pregnancy for many women?

Missed period.

How can men check for reproductive health issues?

Regular semen analysis.

What symptoms are monitored in endometrial cancer?

Abnormal bleeding.

What is the goal of HPV vaccination?

To prevent cervical and other HPV-related cancers.

How are sexually transmitted infections diagnosed?

Through laboratory tests and patient history.

What lifestyle changes can support reproductive health?

Healthy diet, regular exercise, and avoiding smoking.

What is the significance of family history in gynecologic cancers?

Increased risk in genetically predisposed individuals.

What can pelvic exams help detect?

Issues such as lumps or tumors.

What is the recommendation for cervical cancer screening?

Starts at age 21, every 3 years until age 29.

What is another term for sexual health history?

Sexuality assessment.

What can chronic pelvic pain indicate?

Underlying reproductive health issues.

When should regular pelvic examinations begin?

At the onset of sexual activity or age 21.

What is the most effective method of contraception?

Intrauterine devices (IUDs) or sterilization.

What environmental factors are linked to reproductive cancers?

Exposure to pesticides or chemicals.

What is the purpose of a breast self-exam?

To detect changes or abnormalities in breast tissue.

What is the importance of understanding normal menstrual cycles?

Helps in identifying potential health problems.

What role does testosterone play in male health?

Influences libido and sperm production.

What are potential signs of prostate cancer?

Difficulty urinating or pelvic pain.

How can regular physical activity benefit reproductive health?

Helps maintain hormonal balance.

What is the impact of stress on reproductive health?

Can disrupt hormone levels and menstrual cycles.