UCBEX PHARM Module 8

False

Peptides synthesized in the hypothalamus are stored in the anterior pituitary gland. T or F

Somatropin

Which of the following is the name of recombinant growth hormone?

Provide competition at the receptor target with the use of an antagonist

Excess growth hormone as the result of a benign pituitary tumor results in enlarged facial structures clinically referred to as acromegaly. Which of the following pharmacological approaches could be used to treat this condition?

True

Dopamine inhibits prolactin secretion. T or F

Result of excess glucocorticoids

Which of the following statements is true regarding Cushing's disease?

False

Glucocorticoids influenced by adrenocorticotrophic hormone from the anterior pituitary are stored in the adrenal gland. T or F

True

The precursor to both testosterone and glucocorticoids is cholesterol. T or F

Diabetes

Glucocorticoids are used clinically for all of the following conditions EXCEPT:

1. Asthma

2. Hormone replacement therapy for Addison's disease

3. Diabetes

4. Eczema

Produce effect upon binding to intracellular nuclear receptors

Of the following statements, which is NOT true of melanocortins?

1. Include the peptide hormones α-MSH, β-MSH, and γ-MSH

2.Derived from the same precursor as adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH)

3. Play a role in the stimulation of melanin in skin and hair cells

4. Produce effect upon binding to intracellular nuclear receptors

Hypothalamus

Which of the following main endocrine glands is considered to be the link between the nervous system and the endocrine system?

True

The main mineralcorticoid is aldosterone. T or F

Norethisterone

Which of the following is NOT one of the naturally occurring estrogens found in females?

1. Oestradiol

2. Norethisterone

3. Oestrone

4. Oestriol

Compensate for short stature associated with Turner's syndrome

Antiandrogens are therapeutically used for all of the following EXCEPT:

1. To treat masculination in women

2. To treat hypersexuality in male sex offenders

3. Compensate for short stature associated with Turner's syndrome

4. Adjunct treatment for prostate cancer

True

Thyroid hormones are classified as amine hormones. T or F

Carbimazole

Which of the following compounds inhibits the iodination of tyrosine residues of thyroglobulin?

True

Raloxifene, a selective estrogen receptor modulator used for the prevention and treatment of postmenopause osteoporosis is both an antagonist and an agonist. T or F

Oxytocin

Uterine contraction is stimulated by

Hormones, unlike neurotransmitters, are chemical messengers that circulate in body fluids and produce specific effects on cells distant from their point of origin. Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers that release from an axon terminal of a neuron in response to an action potential.

What two characteristics distinguish hormones from neurotransmitters?

Breastfeeding delays the return of your normal ovulation. Without ovulation, conception cannot occur.

Why is breastfeeding considered to be a natural contraceptive?

Clomiphene primarily stimulates FSH and LH secretion by competing with estradiol for the receptor sits in the hypothalamus or the pituitary. This leads to the development and maturation of ovarian follicle, ovulation, and subsequent development and function of the corpus lute, thus resulting in pregnancy. Gonadotropin release may result from direct stimulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis or from a decreased inhibitory influence of estrogens on the hypothalamic-pituitary axis by competing with endogenous estrogens of the uterus, pituitary, or hypothalamus.

Explain the mechanism whereby which Clomiphene induces ovulation?

False

Both the luetinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) are secreted from the posterior pituitary gland. T or F

Prolactin, Adrenocorticotrophic hormone, melanocyte-stimulating hormone

All of the following hormones are secreted from the anterior pituitary gland:

True

Dehydroepiandrosterone or DHEA is an androgen precursor produced in the adrenal gland. T or F

An excess of ACTH is a contributing factor to the hyperpigmentation noted

Which of the following statements is true about Addison's disease?

False

The main site of cortisol production is the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal gland. T or F

A mutation in the protein that transports thyroglobulin to the lumen

Pendred's syndrome is a result of

Concurrent administration of amoxicillin and deep vein thrombosis

Which of the following is a contraindication for taking combined estrogen and progesterone oral contraceptives that utilize a second generation progesterone?

Iodination of tyrosine is catalyses by throperoxidase which requires H2O2.

Thyroid stimulating hormone enhances the generation of H2O2 in the thyroid gland, which in turn stimulates the production of T3 and T4. Discuss the significance of H2O2 in the process of thyroid hormone production.

Calcitrol increases plasma calcium by mobilizing it from bone, increasing its absorption in the intestine and decreasing its excretion by the kidney. PTH increases blood calcium by increasing calcitrol synthesis, mobilizing calcium from bone and reducing calcium excretion. Calcitonin reduces calcium resorption from bone by inhibiting osteoclast activity.

Your patient has a tumor in the parathyroid gland that enhances the release of calcitonin. List three general pharmacological approaches you can take to adjust the circulating levels of calcitonin. Hint: A correct answer does not require specifically naming any pharmacological compounds.