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motor control
regulate or direct the mechanisms essential to movement
motor learning
study of movement associated with the practice, experience, motivation, reinforcement, motor skills, and developmental progress that lead to relatively permanent change in children’s capabilities for skilled action
motor development
study of how motor behavior changes over the life span
motor performance emerges from the interaction of person, environment, and task
How does the Dynamic Systems theory relate to motor skill acquisition?
decrease degrees of freedom of the movement (provide support)
creat perturbations (upgrade/downgrade)
engage the child in whole tasks
alter variability of the task
foster problem solving
facilitate engagement in meaningful tasks
How can we intervene using the motor skill acquisition FOR?
1) cognitive
2) associative
3) autonomous
3 stages of motor development
cognitive
stage of motor development:
development of motor skills, errors (skill acquisition)
repetitive practice of different strategies
ineffective, inconsistent
associative
stage of motor development:
skill refinement
increase effective and consistent strategies
decrease in errors
autonomous
stage of motor development:
efficient movement established
generalization of movement
stationary
closed
while moving
open
discrete
task has a beginning and an end
continuous
task is ongoing
massed practice
practice that works well for those in the cognitive stage
period of performing the movement is greater than the rest period
distributed practice
practice that works well for those in the associative stage
rest period between trials is greater than the time of the trial
random practice
practice that works well for those in the autonomous stage
practice with slight changes to ask
intrinsic feedback
feedback that comes from the child - not relying on the therapist’s feedback
knowing how you did overall
ex. you tied your shoe 3 times today
What is meant by knowledge of results?
feedback on a specific part of a task
ex. i like how you crossed this lace over that one
What is meant by knowledge of performance?