RATIO - Evals 1 Family & Community Medicine 2026

B. True

Financial risk protection is one of the intended outcomes of the Health System building blocks according to the World Health Organization

A. False

B. True

B. False

Quality and safety are both considered as end goals of the Health System building blocks.

A. True

B. False

A. False

Improved efficiency is a building block of the Health System.

A. False

B. True

A. True

Ensuring system wide development and distribution of health professionals is a key element of the Human Resources for Health building block.

A. True

B. False

A. True

A well-functioning health information system is one that ensures the production, analysis, dissemination and use of reliable and timely information on health.

A. True

B. False

C. Health Financing is about gathering enough funds for health services, while the distribution of health risks is managed under the Leadership and Governance building block.

Which of the following is FALSE about the 6 building blocks?

A. Health analytics and health database management is part of the Health Information building block.

B. The Leadership and Governance building block expands the responsibility of providing health services to the policy-makers and government leaders.

C. Health Financing is about gathering enough funds for health services, while the distribution of health risks is managed under the Leadership and Governance building block.

D. The Health Workforce building block includes all of the health providers in a community, including midwives, chiropractors and occupational therapists.

E. Discovery of new medicines requires tapping multiple health system blocks.

A. Leadership and Governance

A government needs to define accountability mechanisms across all sectors. This includes making health providers accountable about access to health services and products. This is possible by strengthening the _________________ building block:

A. Leadership and Governance

B. Health Workforce

C. Health Service Delivery

D. Access to Medical Products and Technologies

C. Health Workforce

Guaranteeing the adequacy and fairness of all health workers incentives and benefits in a given place is done under the _______________ building block:

A. Health Service Delivery

B. Access to Medical Products and Technologies

C. Health Workforce

D. Leadership and Governance

E. Health Financing

C. Health Information

A doctor was initially completing the census report of his facility prior to seeing another patient. This particular responsibility is related to the ______________ building block of health?

A. Access to Essential Medicines and Medical Devices

B. Health Service Delivery

C. Health Information

D. Human Resources for Health

E. Health Leadership and Governance

B. Leadership and Governance

The patient’s fracture can be managed by capable doctors and facilities. But the number of vehicular accidents in the area must be addressed using a totally different approach. What building block for health must be tapped to reduce the number of road accidents in the said area through policy modifications?

A. Human Resources for Health

B. Leadership and Governance

C. Health Information

D. Health financing

E. Access to Essential Medicines and Medical Devices

C. Manual search

What approach to literature search involves retrieving and including references from a previously accessed article?

A. Keyword search

B. Open access search

C. Manual search

D. Grey literature search

C. Adopting a parochial perspective

If a researcher realizes the need to read widely beyond the topic of interest, which literature review problem are they addressing?

A. Limited updated materials

B. Organizing around individual papers

C. Adopting a parochial perspective

D. Not being critical

B. Health inequity is considered by many experts (e.g. Braveman, 2017; Reyes, 2023; Yaztavo, 2022) as common, in different forms, in developed countries despite the report of closing the gap of inequity in these countries as accounted by the WHO in 2017.

Which of the following examples demonstrates an idea-driven or theme-based approach in writing the literature review?

A. Aquino (2013) asserts that health inequity exists in developed countries. There are pieces of evidence of disparities among groups in the first world countries (Reyes, 2022).

B. Health inequity is considered by many experts (e.g. Braveman, 2017; Reyes, 2023; Yaztavo, 2022) as common, in different forms, in developed countries despite the report of closing the gap of inequity in these countries as accounted by the WHO in 2017.

C. An expert methodologist suggests that data collection methods for a multi-country study on poverty should include an approach that collects an in-depth understanding of the stakeholders' meaning of poverty (Cerilo, 2020).

A. Relate the findings of different authors

When synthesizing the literature as part of a research process, which strategic approach should a researcher prioritize to enhance the depth and coherence of the literature review?

A. Relate the findings of different authors

B. Use a matrix

C. Use paraphrasing

D. Discuss every author's findings

C. Identification of research gap/s

Considering the broader objectives of conducting a literature review, what is the primary expected ultimate outcome that a researcher aims to achieve through this process?

A. Written report without signs of plagiarism

B. Well-referenced write-up

C. Identification of research gap/s

D. Retrieval of adequate relevant studies

A. Searching to include articles from 1978 onwards

Which of the following strategies helps in achieving a more specific retrieval of literature?

A. Searching to include articles from 1978 onwards

B. Including both peer-reviewed and grey literature

C. Use of several keywords and their synonyms

D. Use of Boolean operator 'OR'

B. Cross-sectional study

When confronted with an abundance of existing studies on a topic, a researcher recognizes the need to consult review articles. Among the options provided, which one does NOT qualify as a review article?

A. Meta-analytic study

B. Cross-sectional study

C. Realist synthesis

D. Meta-ethnographic study

B. Predatory journals

In the realm of academic publishing, certain journals are sometimes referred to as "fly-by-night." Among the options, which term describes these journals? Additionally, analyze the potential risks and challenges associated with publishing in such journals.

A. Open access journals

B. Predatory journals

C. Grey literature

D. Non-peer reviewed journals

B. Present the major findings of authors on the topic

When concluding a literature review report, which approach is deemed the most effective for summarizing the major findings of authors on the topic? Additionally, evaluate the significance of this approach in terms of highlighting the core contributions of the reviewed literature, and compare it to other possible concluding strategies.

A. Present the need to do the current research proposal

B. Present the major findings of authors on the topic

C. Re-state the findings of the most important article that has been reviewed

D. Articulate the relevance of the retrieved articles

B. To assess the source's credibility, relevance, and methodology

What does it mean to critically evaluate a source during the literature review process?

A. To accept the information without question

B. To assess the source's credibility, relevance, and methodology

C. To reject any source that doesn't align with your hypothesis

D. To compare the source with your own research findings

C. Appropriating someone else's work or ideas without proper attribution

In the context of academic research, how is plagiarism defined?

A. Collaboratively writing a research paper

B. Accurately summarizing someone else's research

C. Appropriating someone else's work or ideas without proper attribution

D. Properly citing the sources you use in your work

C. Noting inconsistencies, unanswered questions, or areas of contention in existing literature

During a literature review, which of the following actions helps in recognizing a research gap?

A. Focusing on well-established theories and findings

B. Summarizing existing research without critical evaluation

C. Noting inconsistencies, unanswered questions, or areas of contention in existing literature

D. Citing the most recent publications in the field

D. A critique of the findings and methodology used by previous authors.

Which of the following elements is typically not included at the end of a literature review report?

A. A citation report of each of the authors with details of the significant findings.

B. The major results of findings from all the studies reviewed.

C. Explanations for why current literature is deficient and a justification for the need for additional research.

D. A critique of the findings and methodology used by previous authors.

D. It contributes to the advancement of knowledge and informs future research directions.

What is the significance of addressing research gaps in a literature review within the broader context of academic research?

A. It highlights established research findings.

B. It adds complexity to the review.

C. It showcases the researcher's ability to criticize existing research.

D. It contributes to the advancement of knowledge and informs future research directions.

D. Identifying available tools or concepts for developing a tool

Among the options provided, which one is not considered a way to optimize the outcomes of a literature review in the research process?

A. Developing a specific conceptual framework

B. Identifying a practical research topic

C. Refining the initially formulated research questions and objectives

D. Identifying available tools or concepts for developing a tool

B. Theoretical Framework

It provides a general or broader set of ideas within which a study belongs.

A. Conceptual Framework

B. Theoretical Framework

C. Theory

A. Conceptual Framework

It is the justification for why a given study should be conducted.

A. Conceptual Framework

B. Theoretical Framework

C. Theory

B. Conceptual Framework

It refers to specific or narrower ideas a researcher utilizes in his/her study.

A. Theoretical Framework

B. Conceptual Framework

C. Theory

A. Theory

___________ is an abstract description of the relationships between concepts that help us to understand the world

A. Theory

B. Theoretical Framework

C. Conceptual Framework

C. Theoretical Framework

It is based on existing theory/theories in the literature which has been tested and validated by other scholars.

A. Theory

B. Conceptual Framework

C. Theoretical Framework

C. Conceptual Framework

It is a researcher's own constructed model that s/he uses to explain the relationship that exists between the main variables in his/her study.

A. Theory

B. Theoretical Framework

C. Conceptual Framework

A. Theoretical Framework

It is in the form of a model that pivots a study, with its exponents and the results of their studies.

A. Theoretical Framework

B. Theory

C. Conceptual Framework

B. Theory

________ is supported by preliminary data and vast body of research.

A. Theoretical Framework

B. Theory

C. Conceptual Framework

C. Both

The conceptual framework can be presented in a _______ format.

A. Graphical

B. Narrative

C. Both

B. Explanatory

Which of the following theory types clarify the relationships between phenomena of interest?

A. Disruptive

B. Explanatory

C. Descriptive

B. Skills

A gain in new knowledge from research promotes development of new _______________ which can ultimately contribute to improvement in the health system.

A. Tools

B. Skills

A. Tools

Research that leads to the development of new technologies promotes development of new ______ which can ultimately contribute to improvement in the health system.

A. Tools

B. Skills

A. Research problem

________ is the issue that leads to the need for a study.

A. Research problem

B. Research objective

C. Research question

A. True

Curiosity can be a source of research problems:

A. True

B. False

E. All of the above

Consider this research question:

"Are people exposed to high levels of electromagnetic radiation from prolonged cellular phone use more likely to develop brain cancer compared to people with average cellular phone use, Region IV, 2014?"

This research question is researchable because of this criterion:

A. Critical mass

B. Feasibility

C. Significance

D. Interest

E. All of the above

A. True

The outcome that the researcher hopes would be produced by a study can be considered as a research objective.

A. True

B. False

A. True

Anything that the researcher wants to achieve in a study can be considered as a research objective.

A. True

B. False

A. General objective

________________ is a generic statement describing in broad terms what needs to be accomplished.

A. General objective

B. Specific objective

C. Declarative form

A research question can be converted to a research objective by transforming it to its:

A. Imperative form

B. Superlative form

C. Declarative form

A. Attainable

In the SMART criteria, which of the following pertains to the feasibility of an objective?

A. Attainable

B. Specific

C. Timebound

D. Realistic

E. Measurable