Immunosero-bloodbank (Capitol Reviewer)

Innate immunity also known as

Natural immunity

Specific immunity also known as

Acquired immunity

Primary physical barrier of the digestive system

Gastric acid

Primary physical barrier of the mouth

Saliva

Primary physical barrier of respiratory tract

Mucus

Primary normal flora of the Mouth

Viridans streptococci

Primary normal flora of the Skin

Staphylococcus epidermidis

Primary normal flora of the Intestine

Bacterioides spp

Primary normal flora of the vagina

Lactobacillus acidophilus

First step (1 / 4 ) in phagocytosis

Intiation / Attachment / adhession

Second step (2/4) of phagocytosis

Chemotaxis

third step (3/4) of phagocytosis

Engulfment / Ingestion

Fourth (4/4) step of phagocytosis

Digestion / Degradation

What is the primary function of dendritic cells?

Antigen presentation to naïve T-cells

3 major antigen presenting cells

Dendritic cell, macrophge, b cell

B lymphocytes present antigen to helper T-cells using

MHC class II

Which APC type is most responsible for activating naïve T-cells?

Dendritic cells

Which APC is also responsible for long-term antibody production?

B cell

MHC class I molecules present antigens to

CD8+ T-cells

MHC class II molecules present antigens to

CD4+ T-cells

Endogenous or Exogenous? Mhc class II presents antigen to

Exogenous

Endogenous or Exogenous? Mhc class I presents antigen to

Endogenous

B-cells mature in the

Bone marrow

T-cells mature in the

Thymus

T-cell subtypes that is responsible for directly killing infected cells?

CD8+ cytotoxic T-cells

Helper T-cells primarily interact with

MHC II molecules

T-cell types helps suppress the immune response to prevent autoimmunity?

Regulatory T-cell

Rapid secondary immune response upon re-exposure is the role of

memory B-cells

What are the Acute phase reactants that increase in inflamation ( CSF HACC)

C reactive protein (crp)
Serum amyloid A
Fibrinogen

Haptoglobin
Alpha 1 anti trypsin
complement proteins
Cerulo plasmin

What are the Acute phase reactants that decrease in inflamation ( ATT )

albumin
Transferin
transthyretin

APR that also increses ESR in inflammation

Fibrinogen

Most sensitive indicator of Acute inflammation

C- reactive protein

Indicator of Chronic inflammation

Serum amyloid A

Cytokines that stimulates APR’s production

IL-1
IL-6

Where are the acute phase reactants produced?

Liver

Type of hypersensitivity Known as “allergic”

Type 1

Most abundant immunoglobulins

IgG

Least abundant immunoglobulins

IgE

Known as “first responder” In Immunoglobulins

IgM

The only antibody that crosses the placenta

IgG

Antibody that know for “long term immunity” and for chronic or past infection

IgG

Antibody that act as Secretory shield and assiociated with secretions

IgA

Antibody that bind strongly in basophils and for Allergy and parasites

IgE

Antigens that are attached to a carrier are called

Particulate antigen

Antigens that has no carrier are called

Soluble antigen

When an antigen needs a “Carrier” to activate an immune response they are called

Haptens

form of antigen that is the same species are called

allogenic

form of antigen that are different species

Heterologous / Xenogenic

The autoimmune disease that target and destroy “beta cells”

Type 1 diabetes mellitus

Type 1 diabetes mellitus produces ___ antibody as a diagnostic marker

Anti beta cells

Beta cells are located at

Pancreas

Beta cells produces ___

Insulin

Pernicous anemia targets ___

Parietal cells

These cells are responsible for producing insulin

Beta cells

These cells are responsible for producing Intrinsic factor

Parietal cells

Responsible for Adsorption of B12

Intrinsic factor

Lack of B12 will cause

Impaired Dna synthesis

Impaired DNA synthesis in erythrocytes will cause

Megaloblastic erythrocytes

Perinicous anemia produces antibody called ___ that destroy parietal cells

Anti-parietal cells

Pernicous anemia produces an antibody called ___ that block / prevent from binding. the intrinsic factor

Anti-intrinsic factor

Hashimoto’s thyroidism attacks

Thyroid

Hashimoto’s thyroidism produces antibody that attack the enzyme needed for hormonse syntesis

Anti-Thyroid peroxidase

Enzyme needed for thyroid hormon synthesis

Thyroid peroxidase

Hashimoto’s thyroidism Produces an antibody that target the protein that serve as a storage for thyroid hormone are called

Anti-Thyroglobullin

Protein needed as a storage for thyroid hormones

Thyroglobullin

Antibody produced in Graves disease

Thyroid stimulating antibody

result of Hashimotos thyroidism

Hypothyroidism

Result of Graves disease

Hyperthyroidsm

Thyroid stimulating antibody targets

TSH receptor

Antibody produced in Multiple sclerosis

Anti-myelin sheath

Target of multiple sclerosis

Myelin sheath

Antibody produced by Goodpasture syndrome

Anti-glomerular basement membrane (anti-gbm)

The anti glomerular basement membrane attacks __

Glomerular basement membrane ( Collagen type 4 )

Organs affected by goodpasture syndrom

Kidney and lungs

In type 1 diabetes what cells destroy the beta cells

Cd8+

What are the antibodies produced in SLE

Anti-DsDNA and Anti-Smith

Anti beta cells are present what is the posible autoimmune disease

Type 1 diabetes

Anti-Intrinsic factor are present what is the posible autoimmune disease

Pernicous anemia

Anti parietal cells are present what is the posible autoimmune disease

Pernicous anemia

Thyroid stimulating immunoglobulin are present what is the posible autoimmune disease

Graves disease

When Anti Thyroid peroxidase are present what is the posible autoimmune disease

Hashimoto’s thyroidsm

When Anti-Thyroglobullin are present what is the posible autoimmune disease

Hashimoto’s Disease

When anti-myelin sheath are present what is the posible autoimmune disease

Multiple sclerosis

When Anti-Gbm are present what is the posible autoimmune disease

Good pasture syndrome

When Anti-DsDna are present what is the posible autoimmune disease

SLE

When Anti-Smith are present what is the posible autoimmune disease

SLE

When Rheumatoid factor are present what is the posible autoimmune disease

Rheumatoid arthritis

An antibody attacks the Fc Region of an IgG is called

Rheumatoid factor

in Rheumatoid factor An antibody attacks Fc region of __

igG

When Anti-acetylcholine are present what is the posible autoimmune disease

Myasthenia gravis

Anti-body produced by Myasthenia gravis

Anti-acetylcholine receptor

Target of anti-acetylcholine receptor

Acetylcholine receptor

When anti-SSA are present what is the posible autoimmune disease

Sjogren’s syndrome

When anti- SSB are present what is the posible autoimmune disease

Sjogren’s syndrome

Type of sensitivity of sjogren’s syndrome

Type IV

when Anti-mitochondrial antibody are present what is the posible autoimmune disease

Primary Biliary Cirrhosis

Antibody produced by Primary billiiary cirhossis

Anti-mitochondrial Antibody

Hashimoto thyroiditis – most specific antibody

nti-thyroid peroxidase (Anti-TPO)

Multiple sclerosis – hypersensitivity type

Type IV (T-cell mediated)

Rheumatoid arthritis – hypersensitivity type

Type III