Kine 2850 Exam 1 Study guide 1/2

Structural:

anatomical elements, building blocks of a system

Kinesiology:

study of human movement

Axial Skeleton

Trunk, spine, neck, head

Appendicular Skeleton

upper and lower extremities

5 major functions of skeletal system

1. provide basic framework

2. movement by serving as pointrs of attachment for muscles and acting as levers

3. protection to internal organs

4. storage for minerals

5. blood formation

6 major types of joints in the body:

Hinge, ball and socket, pivot, saddle, gliding, condyloid

6 major types of joints in the body:

hinge, ball and socket, pivot, saddle, gliding, condyloid

Muscle system function:

exert force through contraction

3 types of muscular contractions:

Isometric, concentric, eccentric

Isometric contraction:

same length (stabilizes joints)

Concentric Contraction:

shortening (starts movement)

Eccentric contraction:

Lengthening (Stops movement)

Tendon:

Attaches muscle to bone (how muscles move bone)

Ligaments:

attaches bone to another bone (forms and stabilizes joints)

Anatomical position:

Fundamental Position

Anterior:

front of the body

Posterior:

back of the body

Medial:

toward the middle, center or midline of the body

Lateral:

toward the side, away from center or midline of body

Superior:

toward the head, above in relation to another structure

Inferior:

away from head, below in relation to another structure

Proximal:

nearest to the truck/point of origin

Distal:

away from the trunk/point of origin

Superficial:

near the surface

Deep:

beneath/below the surface

Prone:

face downward

Supine:

face upward

Contralateral:

relating to the opposite side

ipsilateral:

relating to the same side

biarticular:

a muscle that crosses and acts directly on 2 different joints

uniarticular:

a muscle that crosses and acts directly on the joint it crosses

Sagittal plane:

splits the body into right and left halves

Transverse (axial) Plane:

splits body into top and bottom halves

Frontal (coronal) plane:

splits body into front and back halves

Axes of rotation: Anteroposterior

(FRONTAL) movement occurring in the frontal plane rotate about this axis

Axes of rotation: Mediolateral

(SAGITTAL) Movements occurring in the sagittal plane rotate about the axis

Axes of rotation: Longitudinal Movements

(TRANSVERSE) occurring in the transverse plane rotate about this axis

Primary movements: Sagittal

flexion & extension

Primary movements: Transverse

External rotation & internal rotation

Primary movements: Frontal

Abduction & Adduction

More Primary movements: sagittal

dorsiflection & plantarflextion

More Primary movements: Frontal

Depression & Elevation

More Primary movements: Transverse

Pronation & Supination // Protraction & Retaction

More Primary movements: Multi-plane

Circumduction

The ___________ connects the lower limbs to the trunk & supports the weight of the trunk

Pelvic Girdle

How many Degrees of freedom does the Hips have?

3 Degrees of freedom

Fused Joint: Pubic Symphysis

fairly stable, widens for childbirth

Fused joint: Sacroiliac joint

transmits weight of trunk to hips

Head of femur (navy)

Neck of femur (purple)

Greater trochanter (red)

Lesser Trochanter (Sky blue)

Hip flexor muscles: Iliacus

HFM: 1

Hip flexor muscles: Psoas

HFM: 2

Hip flexor muscles: Rectus Femoris

HFM: 3

Hip flexor muscles: Sartorius

HFM: 4

Hip flexor muscles: Pectineus

HFM: 5

Hip flexor muscles: Tensor Fascia Latae

HFM: 6

Hip Extensor Muscles: Gluteus Maximus

HEM: 7

Hip Extensor Muscles: Biceps Femoris Long Head

HEM: 8

Hip Extensor Muscles: Semimembranosus

HEM: 9

Hip Extensor Muscles: Semitendinosus

HEM: 10

Hip Abductor Muscles: Gluteus Minimus

HAbM: 11

Hip Abductor Muscles: Gluteus Medius

HAbM: 12

Hip Adductor Muscles: Adductor magnus

HAddM: 13

Hip Adductor Muscles: Adductor longus

HAddM: 14

Hip Adductor Muscles: Pectineus

HAddM: 15

Hip Adductor Muscles: Gracilis

HAddM: 16

Hip Adductor Muscles: Adductor Brevis

HAddM: 17

Hip External Rotators: Piriformis

HER: 18

Hip External Rotators: Quadratus Femoris

HER: 19

Hip External Rotators: Obturator Internus

HER: 20

Hip External Rotators: Obturator Externus

HER: 21

Hip External Rotators: Superior Gemellus

HER: 22

Hip External Rotators: Inferior Gemellus

HER: 23

Hip Internal Rotators: Gracilis

HIR: 24

Hip Internal Rotators: Semimembranosus

HIR: 25

Hip Internal Rotators: Semitendinosus

HIR: 26

Hip joint fractures are common in old adults (over age 65), where do these fractures usually occur?

Typically occur the femoral neck