Biology - The Working Cell

Kinetic Energy

Energy of motion

Potential Energy

Stored energy from an objects position

Thermodynamics law 1

energy can change form, but can’t be destroyed or created

Thermodynamics law 2

energy transfer increases entropy

Entropy

measurement of molecule randomness

Exergonic reaction

releasing energy

Endergonic Reaction

requires energy to be driven

What does ATP stand for

Adenosine Triphosphate

What Does ADP stand for

Adenosine Diphosphate

Phosphorlaytion

Adding phosphate to ADP

Hydrolysis

Breaking ATP to ADP + Phosphate

Enzymes

proteins that reduce activation energy

activation energy

energy required to start a chemical reaction

substrate

what the enzyme breaks down

active site

location in the enzyme where the substrate fits perfectly

inhibitors

block an enzyme from working

competitive inhibitor

compete with substrate for active site

noncompetitve inhibitor

changes shape of the enzyme, changing it’s function

feedback inhibitor

regulates metabolism

Selective Permeability

Plasma membrane choose what goes in and out

Transport Proteins

allows specific ions to enter or exit the cell

Passive Transport

membrane movement that doesnt require ATP

Active Transport

Requires ATP for membrane transport

Diffusion

Tendency of particles to spread out evenly in an available space

Simple Diffusion

movement through phospholipid bilayer, high to low

Facilitated Diffusion

movement of polar or charged substances by using transport proteins, high to low

Osmosis

water diffusion thorugh a permeable membrane

Exocytosis

exiting of bulk molecules

endocytosis

used to take large molecules

Phagocytosis

Eating a particle by cell wrapping cell membrane around it, making a vacuole

Pinocytosis

cell taking in liquid

Tonicity

ability of surrounding solution to make the cell gain or lose water.

Aquaporin

transport protein to move water