EES - Module 6

Intraplate

movement that occurs within a single plate

Interplate

movement that occurs between two plates

Effusive volcano

DPB, basaltic magma, high temp, low viscosity, low silica, low gas, low water content

Example of effusive volcano

Mauna Loa - Hawaii

Explosive volcano

CPB, rhyolitic magma, low temp, high viscosity, high silica, high gas, high water content.

Example of explosive volcano

Mt Pinatubo, Mt St Helens

Earthquakes

Geological hazards that occur when rocks under the Earth’s surface is under strain due to tension, shear or compression

Focus

The point at which the rocks break

Shallow focus

0-70km

Intermediate focus

70-300km

Deep focus

300-700km

Geological hazard

Extreme natural events that occur in the Earth’s crust, which can have the potential to risk human life

Liquefication

A phenomena suggesting that water-saturated soil pull apart due to ground shaking

Poisonous gases

gases that can have devastating impacts on life, emitted through volcanic eruptions

Lava flows

Magma that is released through a volcanic vent or fissure

Pyroclastic flow

Rocky debris and hot gases released through volcanic eruptions and moves down the side of the volcano

Lahars

Hot or cold mixture of rapidly flowing water and rock fragments

Ash eruption

Column of ash and volcanic gases that forms above a volcano and spreads horizontally in the atmosphere

Example of poisonous gases

Lake Nyos, Cameroon 1986

Example of lava flows

Kilauea eruptions, Hawaii 1984

Example of pyroclastic flow

Mt Vesuvius, Pompeii 79CE

Example of lahars

Mt Pinatubo, Phillipines 1991 & Mt St Helens, USA 1980

Example of ash eruption

Mt St Helens, USA 1980

Hailstorms

Hail is a form of precipitation which occurs when water droplets combine and freeze together in thunderstorm clouds

ECLs

low pressure system which forms off the Australian east coast

Drought

Prolonged period of below average rainfall

Floods

Prolonged heavy rain when the capacity of a body that can hold water is overwhelmed

Bushfires

Fire that burns through bush, grass or woodland

El-Nino

Warm water stays near Australia, moving east towards South America, leading to drier climates

La-Nina

Warm water moves from South America towards Australia, leading to windier climates and flooding