minerals quiz

Mineralogy

Science that studies minerals, their characteristics/properties, and processes.

Minerals

Build blocks of rocks.

Utilized by humans for useful and decorative purposes for thousands of years.

Flint and Chert

First minerals to be mined.

Used for weapons and cutting tools from prehistoric ages.

Gold, silver and copper

Ealry 3700 bc egyptians began to mine ____, ____, and____.

Bronze

Around 2,200 BC humans discovered how to combine copper with tin to produce ____. ( a stong, hard alloy)

Hematite

Humans developed the process to extract iron from minerals such as ___.

Minerals

Words refers to different uses

Health: vitamins and minerals

Geology: minerals in the earth

Naturaly occuring

Inorganic

Homogenous solids

Defined chemical structure

Orderly crystalline structure

Criteria to determine whether something is mineral.

Naturally occuring

Formed by natural geologic processes

Solid substance

Only crystalline substances that are solid at temperatures encountered at Earth's surface are considered minerals

Orderly crystalline structure

Their atoms are arranged in an orderly, repetitive manner, which is reflected in the regularly shaped objects called crystalls

Generally inorganic

Inorganic crystalline that are found naturally in the ground are considered minerals

Can be represented by chemical formula

Have compositions that can be expressed by a chemical formula. Some mineral compositions vary within specific, well-defined limits

Atoms

Building blocks of minerals

All matter including minerals are made up of ___.

Atoms

Are the smallest particles that cannot be chemically split.

Nucleus

Contains protons (+) and electrons (-)

Electrons

Surrounds the nucleus in energy levels

Atomic number

Is the number of protons in the nucleus, which determines an element's chemical nature

Periodic Table

Organizes elemnents with similar properties into columns

Valence Electrons

Is an electron found in the outermost shell of an atom

Noble gas

They are already stable with 8 valence electrons

Ionic Bonding

Transfer of electrons;

Creates oppositly charged ions;

String attraction between + and - negative ions, forms crystals

Covalent

Atoms shares electrons;

Strong bonds, often in molecules

Metallic

Valence electrons move freely among many atoms;

Conduct electricity, malleable, shiny

Isotopes

Are atoms of the same same elements that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons

Radioactive decay

It happens when unstable isotopes break down, releasing energy and particles

Luster

The appearance or quality of light reflected from the surface of a mineral

Halides

Formed from evaporated seas.

Exmaples are: halite and gypsum

Sulfates

It includes gypsum