Endocrine System Flashcards

Flashcards about the endocrine system

Thyroid-stimulating hormone

Stimulates secretion of thyroid hormone (TSH)

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Tropic hormone, stimulates adrenal cortex secretion of hormones

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Tropic hormone. Typical Female: stimulates development of ovarian follicles and secretion of estrogens. Typical Male: stimulates seminiferous tubules of testes to grow and produce sperm

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Tropic hormone. Typical Female: stimulates maturation of ovarian follicle and ovum; stimulates secretion of estrogen; triggers ovulation; stimulates development of corpus luteum (luteinization). Typical Male: stimulates interstitial cells of the testes to secrete testosterone

Growth hormone (GH)

Stimulates growth in all organs; mobilizes nutrient molecules, causing an increase in blood glucose concentration

Prolactin (PRL) (lactogenic hormone)

Stimulates breast development during pregnancy and milk production and secretion by glandular cells after childbirth

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Stimulates retention of water by the kidneys

Oxytocin (OT)

Stimulates uterine contractions at the end of pregnancy; stimulates the movement of milk into the breast ducts or milk let-down; enhances parent-infant social bonds

Releasing hormones (RHs)

Stimulates anterior pituitary secretion of hormones

Inhibiting hormones (IHSs)

Inhibits anterior pituitary's secretion of hormones

Estrogens

Promotes development and maintenance of typical female sexual characteristics

Progesterone

Promotes conditions required for pregnancy

Testosterone

Promotes development and maintenance of typical male sexual characteristics

Thymosins

Promotes development of immune system cells

Chorionic gonadotropin, estrogens, progesterone

Promotes conditions required during early pregnancy

Melatonin

Inhibits tropic hormones that affect the ovaries; helps regulate the body's internal clock and sleep cycles

Thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3)

Stimulates the energy metabolism of all cells

Calcitonin (CT)

Inhibits the breakdown of bone; causes a decrease in blood calcium concentration

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Stimulates the breakdown of bone; causes an increase in blood calcium concentration

Mineralocorticoids (MCs): aldosterone

Regulates electrolyte and fluid homeostasis

Glucocorticoids (GCs): cortisol (hydrocortisone)

Stimulates gluconeogenesis, causing an increase in blood glucose concentration; also have anti-inflammatory, anti-immunity, and anti-allergy effects

Androgens

Stimulates sexual drive in the typical female but has negligible effects in the typical male

Epinephrine (Epi) (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (NE) (noradrenaline)

Prolongs and intensifies the sympathetic nervous response during stress

Glucagon

Stimulates liver glycogenolysis, causing an increase in blood glucose concentration

Insulin

Promotes glucose entry into all cells, causing a decrease in blood glucose concentration

Atrial natriuretic homone (ANH)

Regulates fluid and electrolyte homeostasis

Ghrelin

Affects energy balance (metabolism)

Leptin

Controls how hungry or full we feel