Nucleic Acid and Protein Synthesis

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4 Terms

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Nucleotide

Consists of nitrogenous base : Purine (adenine or guanine) or pyrimidine(thymine, cytosine and uracil). A sugar and a phosphate group.

Mononucleotides joined by 5’-3’ phosphodiester bonds.

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Interactions

  1. Hydrophobic: cluster of base components of nucleotides within the double helix is a stabilizing factor in 3-D macromolecule because it minimizes interactions with water.

  2. Hydrogen bonds: formed by base pairs. 3 between CG and 2 between AT pairs. Keep strands in correct orientation

  3. Base stacking: stacked base pairs form weak van Der Waal forces.

  4. Electrostatic interactions: sugar phosphate backbone possesses negatively charged phosphate groups. Repulsion between nearby phosphate groups is minimized bt the shielding affect of divalent cations (I.e. Mg2+)

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Orientation

Anti-conformation is predominant (base if facing outwards)

Syn base is facing inwards

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The genetic code

Refers to triplet base sequences (codon) in mRNA that specify the amino acids to be incorporated into a protein.

Contains all the information for initiating translation, specifying amino acid sequences in a proteins primary structure, terminating translation and releasing the nascent protein. Genetic code is non-overlapping.