The British Empire in the 20th Century: Nationalism Around the World (1919-1939)

These flashcards cover key events, figures, and concepts related to the challenges faced by the British Empire in the 20th century, focusing on nationalism and the pursuit of independence in various territories.

What ended British protectorate status in Egypt?

Egypt's protectorate status ended in 1922.

What treaty required British troops to remain in Egypt until after WWII?

The Anglo-Egyptian Treaty.

Who led the Turkish nationalists against the Greeks?

Mustafa Kemal Atatürk.

What was the Balfour Declaration?

A 1917 declaration outlining British support for a Jewish homeland in Palestine.

When did India gain local self-government as per the Government of India Act?

1935.

What act allowed the British to jail Indian protesters without trial?

The Rowlatt Acts.

What significant event occurred at Amritsar in 1919?

British troops fired on a crowd of protesters, killing nearly 400.

What was Gandhi's philosophy for the Indian independence movement?

Civil disobedience and non-violence.

What was the Salt March and why was it significant?

A protest against the Salt Acts, it gained worldwide attention for the independence movement.

What does Pan-Africanism promote?

The unity of all Africans.

What were the main colonial powers in ownership of the Middle East?

Britain and France.

What promise did the British government break after World War I in India?

Their promise to provide reforms leading to self-government.

Who was the leader of the movement for independence in Nigeria?

Nnamdi Azikiwe.

Why did Turkish nationalists overthrow the last Ottoman sultan?

To establish a modern nation after defeating Greek invaders.

What major change did Atatürk implement in Turkey regarding women's rights?

He granted women the right to vote and hold public office.

What impact did World War I have on African nationalism?

It spurred political involvement and a desire for independence among Africans.

In what year did Iraq gain independence from British rule?

1932.

What was a significant limitation expressed in the White Paper of 1922 regarding Jewish immigration?

It limited Jewish immigration to the economic capacity of Palestine.

What was leaders' general sentiment towards colonial rule after World War I in Africa?

They grew resentful and sought independence.

What was the Education impact of colonization on African leaders?

It introduced them to Western ideals of liberty and equality, inspiring them toward nationalism.

What role did Herbert Macaulay play in Nigeria's independence movement?

He led a campaign against the colonial government and pushed for democratic reforms.