Lab Final Images

What structure is this?

Rectus abdominis

What is the OIAN of the rectus abdominis?

O - pubic crest, pubic tubercule and pubis syphysis

I - costal cartilage of ribs 5-7

A - depress ribs/flexes abdomen

N - thoracoabdominal nerve

What covers the rectus abdominis?

Anterior rectus sheath

What structure is this?

Inferior vena cava

What level does the inferior vena cava begin at? What anastomoses to form the IVC?

L5

Union of right and left common iliac veins

What level does the inferior vena cava end at?

T8

What drains directly into the inferior vena cava?

Right suprarenal vein

Right and left renal veins

Right gonadal vein

What structure is this?

Quadratus lumborum

What is the OIAN of the quadratus lumborum?

O - iliolumbar ligament and iliac crest

I - medial half of 12th rib and tips of lumbar TPs

A - extension and lateral flexion

N - ventral rami of T12-L2

What structure is this?

Abdominal aorta

What level does the abdominal aorta begin?

T12

What is the abdominal aorta a continuation of?

Thoracic aorta/aortic arch

What level does the abdominal aorta end?

L4

What are the branches unpaired branches off the abdominal aorta? (4)

Celiac trunk

Superior mesenteric artery

Inferior mesenteric artery

Middle sacral artery

What are the paired branches of the abdominal aorta? (6)

Inferior phrenic artery

Middle suprarenal artery

Renal artery

Lumbar artery 1-4

Gonadal artery

Common iliac artery

What structure is this?

Sacrotuberous ligament

What forms the lateral pelvic wall?

Sacrotuberous ligament

What forms the posterolateral boundary of the pelvic outlet?

Sacrotuberous ligament

What does the sacrotuberous ligament do?

Stabilize SIJ

What does the sacrotuberous ligament connect?

Ischial tuberosity and sacrum

What structure is this?

Caudate lobe of liver

What lobe of the liver is the caudate lobe anatomically a part of?

Right lobe

What lobe of the liver is the caudate lobe functionally a part of?

Left lobe

What structure is this?

Spleen

What is the spleen?

Largest lymphoid organ in the body

What is the spleen responsible for?

Produce lymphocytes

Filters blood by getting rid of dying red blood cells, platelets and microorganisms

Reservoir for blood (highly vascular organ)

Where is the spleen located?

Left upper quadrant

Left hypogastric

Ribs 9-11

Label this diagram

What forms the posterior pelvic wall?

Anterior surface of sacrum

Piriformis

What muscle does the anterior surface of the sacrum serve as an origin for?

Piriformis

What structure is this?

Piriformis

What are the OIAN of the piriformis?

O - anterolateral aspect of sacrum

I - trochantric fossa

A - external rotation

N - nerve to piriformis

What separates the superior gluteal VANs from the inferior VANs?

Piriformis muscle

What is the main structure passing through the greater sciatic foramen?

Piriformis muscle?

What is the red portion?

Fundus of the gallbladder

What is located at Murphey’s point?

Fundus of the gallbladder

What structure is this?

Jejunum

What quadrant is the jejunum located in?

Upper left quadrant

Is the jejunum intrperitoneal or retroperitoneal?

Intraperitoneal

How do the circular folds of the jejunum compare to those in the ilium?

Taller and more numerous

How do the arterial arcades of the jejunum compare to those in the ilium?

Larger but fewer with long vasa recti

What is the mesenteric connection of the jejunum?

Attached to posterior wall above and to the left and to the left posterior wall above and to the aorta

What is the fat deposition in the jejunum?

More fat at root and less near intestine

What is the lymphoid follicular deposition in the jejunum?

Scattered throughout submucosa

What is the blood supply of the jejunum?

Superior mesenteric artery (branch off abdominal aorta)

What is the lymph drainage of the jejunum?

Mesenteric nodes → superior mesteric nodes → intestinal trunk → cisterna chyli

What is the nerve supply of the jejunum?

Celiac plexus and superior mesenteric plexus

• Preganglionic parasympathetic (brainstem and S2-S4)

• Postganglionic sympathetic (prevertebral ganglia)

• GVA

What structure is this?

Psoas major

What is the OIAN of the psoas major?

O - TPs and intervening IVDs of lumbar (T12-L5)

I - lesser trochanter

A - primary flexor of the thigh; flexes trunk when thighs are flexed

N - ventral rami of L2-L4

What structure is this?

Renal pyramids

What are the renal pyramids made up of?

Medulla

Where do the apexes (papilla) of the renal pyramids point towards?

Renal sinus

What structures are highlighted in yellow?

Inferior epigastric artery and vein

What is the inferior epigastric artery a branch of?

External iliac

Where is the inferior epigastric artery found?

Within the lateral umbilical folds

What does the inferior epigastric artery anastomose with?

Superior epigastric artery

What forms the lateral boundary of the inguinal triangle?

Inferior epigastric artery

Where would a direct inguinal hernia fall relative to the inferior epigastric artery?

Medial (outside the triangle)

Where would an indirect inguinal hernia fall relative to the inferior epigastric artery?

Lateral (inside the triangle)

What structure is highlighted in yellow?

Spermatic cord

What are the three layers of the spermatic cord?

Internal spermatic fascia

Cremasteric fascia

External spermatic fascia

What abdominal layer was the internal spermatic fascia derived from?

Transversalis fascia

What abdominal layer was the cremasteric fascia derived from?

Internal oblique muscle

What abdominal layer was the external spermatic fascia derived from?

External oblique aponeurosis

What structure is highlighted in green?

Femoral nerve

What plexus is the femoral nerve a part of?

Lumbar plexus

What spinal nerves does the femoral nerve originate from?

L2-L4

Where does the femoral nerve provide motor innervation? What is the action associated?

Anterior muscles of thighs (quads)

Knee extension and thigh flexion

Where does the femoral nerve provide sensory information?

Anterior medial thigh

What would be the result of damage to the femoral nerve?

Loss of knee extension and partial thigh flexion

What structure is highlighted in green?

Inguinal ligament

What forms the inferior border of the inguinal triangle?

Inguinal ligament

What forms the superior border of the femoral triangle?

Inguinal ligament

Where does the inguinal ligament attach?

ASIS and pubic tubercle

What structure is highlighted in green?

Genitofemoral nerve

What plexus is the genitofemoral nerve a part of?

Lumbar plexus

What spinal nerves is the genitofemoral nerve connected to?

L1 and L2

What are the lateral and medial branches of the genitofermoral nerve?

Medial - genital branch

Lateral - femoral branch

What is the motor and sensory role of the genital branch?

Motor - cremasteric reflex

Sensory - supplies labia majora or scrotum

What is the motor and sensory role of the femoral branch?

Motor - GVE

Sensory - skin overlying femoral triangle

Where is the genitofemoral nerve located in the abdomen?

Anterior to psoas major

What structure is highlighted in green?

Round ligament of the liver

What is the round ligament of the liver also known as?

Ligamentum teres

Where is the round ligament of the liver found and where does it run?

Below falciform ligament

Runs from liver to umbilicus

What is ligamentum teres a remnant of?

Obliterated umbilical vein

What structure is highlighted in green?

Obturator nerve

What plexus is the obturator nerve a part of?

Lumbar plexus

What spinal nerves does the obturator nerve attach to?

L2-L4

What is the motor role of the obturator nerve?

Supplies adductor muscles

What is the sensory role of the obturator nerve?

Lower medial aspect of the thigh

Where is the obturator nerve found in the abdominal cavity?

Medial to psoas major

What would happen if the obturator nerve was damaged?

Negative adduction

Walk like a cowboy

What structure is highlighted in green?

Ligamentum venosum

Where does ligamentum venosum sit relative to the lobes of the liver?

Between left and caudate lobe

What does the ligamentum venosum connect?

Left hepatic and portal vein

What is ligamentum venosum a remnant of?

Ductus venosus

What was the purpose of the ductus venosus?

Allow for bloodflow to bipass the liver so blood from the umbilical vein could go directly to the left haptic vein then into the IVC

What surface landmark is highlighted in green?

Linea semilunarus

Semilunar line

What does the semilunar line mark?

Lateral border of rectus abdominis

What structure is highlighted in pink?

Ureters