Mammalogy Lab 1 Practical

Kingdom of mammals

Kingdom Animalia

Class of mammals

Class Mammalia

How is Hantavirus transimitted

contact with rodent (urine, droppings, or sailva)

Name of the clavicle in humans

collar bone

List the different vertebrate sections of mammals

Cervical --> neck

Thoracic --> ribs

Lumbar --> lower back

Sacral --> hips / pelvic girdle

Caudal --> tail

How is rabies transmitted?

transmitted by a bit or a scratch of an infected animal

How is hantavirus transmitted?

aerosolized shed in rodent urine and feces

How is histoplasmosis transmitted?

Inhalation of fungal spores

A mammal-borne pathogen transmitted via ticks

Lyme disease

Identify a species with pleurodont dentition

iguanas

Identify the diastema on a cranium

the gap between incisors and molars (found in mammals without canines)

Hair coloration patterns

agouti, disruptive, concealing, warning, counter-shading, albinism, melanism

What is disruptive coloration

Fur that makes it more difficult to see the individual outline of the animal

What is counter-shading coloration

darker on top or side and lighter on the underside of the body (ex. squirrels)

What is warning coloration

using bring colors to show predators that animals is toxic or dangerous (ex. skunk)

What is concealing coloration

allows animal to camouflage themselves and hide from predators by matching their surroundings (ex. white tailed deer)

Identity agouti hair

more than one color pigmentation on one hair follicle

Recall the orders that have diastema

Rodentia

Lagomorpha

Artiodactyla

Dirprodontia

Recall the common name of the one species of Xenarthran found in Missouri

Nine-banded armadillo

Examine and age the skull of a deer

Juvenile - less than 6 teeth (molars and premolars)

young and old adult - +6 molars, look at stain/coloration to determine

What is the order of deer

Artiodactyla

Endangered species act

Protects and conserves imperiled species and helps prevent them from going extinct. Puts laws in place to hep save the animals from going extinct.

marine mammal protection act

Helps to protect the survival of marine mammals the the health of the ocean ecosystem

lacey act

A U.S. act that prohibits the interstate shipping of all illegally harvested plants and animals. Helps limit the spread of diseases transmitted to wildlife.

convention on international trade in endangered species

ensures international trade is legal, traceable, and not affecting the natural resources or animals

What is definitive hair and what does it do

Hair that grows to a specific length and then will stop. It helps to protect the animal example is the hair found on a beaver.

Identify the thoracic vertebrae

count ribs

What is the baculum?

the bone in the penis. This helps to provide support for erections, and allowing for prolong, frequent or rapid copulaiton

What is unique about the skulls found in order Carnivora

All the flesh eaters will have a carnassial pair that allows them to be highly effection for flesh-eating

identify the sagittal crest, and frontal bone on a mammal skull

Sagittal crest-crown; frontal bone- behind the orbital

What is the only Metatherian order in MO

Opossum

Identify a specimen of the order Carnivora and in the subclass theria

Order Carnivora will have canines and have a carnassial pair

Subclass Theria is almost 99.9% of all mammals

What two bones form the zygomatic arch?

jugal and squamosal

Identify the order of shews

Soricomorpha

Recall the only Metatherian order found within Missouri?

Opossum - order didelphimorphia

where is the area where bone growth occurs for mammals

At the epiphyseal plates (growth plates)

Identify nails, claws, and hooves on a specimen

...

Identify premolars and molars on a specimen

premolars are small and simple 2 cusps

molars larger more complex 4 cusps

identify organisms that belong to orders chiroptera and lagomorpha

chiroptera- bats (flying mammals) lagomorpha- rabbits and hares

identify a specimen of the order Carnivora and a species of the subclass Theria

order carnivora-animals that have canines (foxes, coyotes)

subclass theria- 99.9% of mammals (not duck billed platypus or echidna)

Describe the auditory bullae

Bulbous at base of the skull

Identify the pterygoid

thin pieces of bone after the hard palate ends

recall the subclass and infraclass of marsupials and montremes

Marsupials- prototheria/metaheria

Monotremes- theria/metatheria

Describe the processes of bone growth for mammals

epiphysis, metaphysis (where bone growth occurs), diaphysis

calculate the dental formula for a specimen

Count both top and bottom; but just for one side

Identity brachydont and hyposdont teeth on a mammalian specimen

Brachydont- low-crowned (humans)

Hypsodont- high-crowned (horses)

Identify the order and infraclass of mice and rats

Order Rodentia

Infraclass Eutheria

Describe the purpose of whiskers / vibrissae

used for tactile senses (not for thermoregulation)

Identify selenodont, bunodont, and lophodont teeth on a specimen

lophodont - beaver

selenodont - deer

bunodont - humans and primates

What kind of teeth are these?

Bunodont teeth (humans and primates)

What kind of teeth are these?

Selendoont (found on deer)

Identify whether a specimen is an anapsid, diapsid, or synapsid

synapsid - mammals

anapsid - turtles

diapsid - birds

Rodents

Subclass Theria

Infraclass Eutheria

Order Rodentia

Lagomorphs (rabbits, hares)

Subclass Theria

Infraclass Eutheria

Order Lagomorpha

shrews, moles

Subclass Theria

Infraclass Eutheria

Order Soricomorpha

Primates

Subclass Theria

Infraclass Eutheria

Order Primates

Carnivores

Subclass Theria

Infraclass Eutheria

Order Carnivora

Even-toed ungulates (deer, elk)

Subclass Theria

Infraclass Eutheria

Order Artiodactyla

Bats

Subclass Theria

Infraclass Eutheria

Order Chiroptera

Order Cingulata

armadillos

Marsupial (Opossum) Montermes

Subclass Theria

Infraclass metatheria

Order Didelphimorphia