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Step 1
Retinal absorbs light and changes shape. Visual pigment activates
Step 2
Visual pigment activates transduction (g protein)
Step 3
Transduction activates phosphodiesterase
Step 4
PDE converts cGMP to GMP, causing cGMP levels to fall
Step 5
As cGMP levels fall, cGMP-gated cation channels close, resulting in hyperpolarization
In the dark
cGMP-gated channels open, resulting in depolarization